1

Bar Bending
Steel bars are the back bones of
concrete structures. But even
back bones need bending.
2
Why is steel so good for
concrete?

It bonds with concrete
Both have the same temperature
coefficient of expansion & contraction
Steel & concrete are complementary:
Concrete is brittle, steel is flexible
3
Reinforcement is the back
bone of structural concrete
4
Bar bender
bend bars to the correct dimensions
use given steel type
bend only required numbers

5
Reinforcement Steel
6
dia 6...40mm
250 kg / sq. mm



Mild steel (R)
7
Tor Steel (Y)
10... 40mm
460kg / sq. mm
Tor Steel
9
Weight of Mild Steel
6mm 0.222 kg/m
8mm 0.395 kg/m
10mm 0.616 kg/m
12mm 0.888 kg/m
16mm 1.589 kg/m
20mm 2.466 kg/m
10
Reinforcement details in
drawings
800
100
100
cover
20
5 R 10 8 300
11
Steel types - 6m length
Type Diameter
mm
Strength
N/mm
2
Hot rolled mild steel All sizes 250
Hot rolled high yield All sizes 410
Cold worked high yield 1...16

460

Over 16 425
12
Technical codes



5 R 10 8 300
No. of bars
Type of bar
Bar diameter
Bar mark no.
Bar Spacing
13
Schedule of reinforcement
Locatio
n
Bar
mark
Diameter

mm
Type No.
of
bars
Cutting
length
mm
Weight Bar shape

Rema
rks
Slab 01 16 R 10 11380
02 10 R 25 1410
03 10 R 50 2320
1000
230
11080
700
560
14
Estimation
Steel bars are sold by weight. In order
to know the price you need to convert
the bars into weight.
15
How to convert bars into
weight?
Select the diameter from the table

Take the weight rate of the bar

Compute the entire length required

Multiply the length with the rate given


16
Weight Rate of Mild Steel
6mm 0.222 kg/m
8mm 0.395 kg/m
10mm 0.616 kg/m
12mm 0.888 kg/m
16mm 1.589 kg/m
20mm 2.466 kg/m
17
Total weight
= bar length x weight rate x
no. of bars
= 1.023 x 0.888 x 12
= 10.901 kg
take 11 kg
18
Tools for Bar Bending
Bench
Bar Bending Tool
Shear cutter

19
Make yourself a bar bench
3m
40cm
worktop
3cm
20
Leg Frame
1m
3m
30cm
7X7cm
10X30cm
21
Leg Frame
22
Finished Bench
23
Bar Bending Device on Bench
24
Bending Device
Disk
Stopper
Holes
25
Shear Cutter
26
Reinforcement Cages
Bars are assembled in Cages to
keep them in the best position
within the structure
27
The cage

Bars
Stirrups
It consists of bars, stirrups and binding.

28
Bars

29
Stirrup

30
Bending corners
31
Bar Shapes
32
Bar Shapes For Beams
See what they look like...
33
These are the required
shapes
1
2
3
4
34
Insert the bar and bend it
Stopper
Holes
35
This is the Main Bar at the
bottom edge
2Y 16 - 1
Length
The ends are
bent to lock the
bar
2Bars, Tor, 16mm diameter,
schedule no.1
36
This is the main bar at bottom
middle
1Y12-2
37
Connecting middle and upper
stress sections
2Y 10 - 4
38
The whole Set

39
Add the Stirrups

40
Bind all Bottom Bars first

41
Insert the Top Bars

42
Insert the Top Bars

43
Bind the Top Bars too

44
See the Positions of the Bars
in the Cross Section
45
A-A section
46
Bar Shapes for the Column
47
Cage for column & footer
4Y 16 -11
5Y10-10
10 R6-12
48
Required Bar shapes for
staircase
10
11
12
49
This is the Starter Bar of the
Footer
The bar is bent at
the foot to transfer
the stress to the
foundation
The starters are
short. They are
extended by
overlapping later
50
Column Starter
Main bars
stirrups
51
Bind the main bars to the
stirrups in the correct distance
between the stirrups
52
Column cage
Main bars
stirrups
53
Column Footing
The footing is a
large block of
concrete that
provides a base for
the column
The reinforcement
starting from the
footing is called the
starter
54
5Y10 -10
4Y 16
Top View
Column
Footer
55
Column end position
56
Cantilever sections
A cantilever
beam & slab
bend with the
load
It tends to crack
right at the
support
Load-P
57
Design of cantilever sections
Depends on

Estimated load

Span of the section
Span of the section
Estimated load
58
Reinforcements
Lay bars alternatively
one with half the
length and
one with the full
length of the span
with additional section
inserted into the
support
Span of the section -l
0.5 L
Inserted
section into
the support
59
10mm bars distribution for a
cantilever slab
15cm
15cm
60
Stairs are a sloping slab
61
Reinforcing Stairs
62
See the correct positions of
the bars
21
22
Relevant details in a
drawing
63
Shapes of bars for stairs
Bar no. Bar shape
19
20
64
21
22
23
and....
65
Place the main bars at bottom
part of the staircase
20
66
Place the other bottom bars
19
67
Place the top bars
21
22
68
Insert the longitudinal bars
21
22
23
69
All required details of
reinforcement are given in
the drawing
70
Technical codes



5 R 10 8 300
No. of bars
Type of bar
Bar diameter
Bar mark no.
Bar Spacing
71
The Principle of Slab
Reinforcement
72
Main Bars
73
Distribution Bars
74
Ties
Useful knots to bind bars in a
cage
75
Slash tie for centre ties


76
Slash tie for centre ties


77
Slash tie for centre ties


78
Slash tie for centre ties


79
Hair pin tie for main bars in
columns & beams


80
Hair pin tie for main bars in
columns & beams


81
Hair pin tie for main bars in
columns & beams


82
Hair pin tie for main bars in
columns & beams


83
Hair pin tie for main bars in
columns & beams


84
Crown tie
85
Crown tie
86
Crown tie
87
Crown tie
88
Crown tie
89
Splice tie
Use to tie bars in horizontal way
90
Splice tie to
Use to tie bars in horizontal way
91
Splice tie to
Use to tie bars in horizontal way
92
Splice tie to
Use to tie bars in horizontal way
93
Splice tie to
For lapping
94
Add a ring
A ring is an additional
winding that prevents the
bars from moving
95
Splash tie with ring
ring on left side
96
Splash tie with ring
ring at down side
97
Hair pin tie with a ring
Ring at left side
98
Hair pin tie with a ring
Ring at bottom
99
Hair pin tie with a ring
Ring at bottom
100
Hair pin tie with a ring
Ring at bottom
101
Hair pin tie with a ring
Ring at down side
102
Hair pin tie with a ring
Ring at down side
103
Hair pin tie with a ring
Ring at down side
104
Hair pin tie with a ring
Ring at down side
105
Lengthening Bars
Often bars need lengthening, for
they cannot be inserted in full
length.
In case of columns, one has to
lengthen them floor by floor.


106
Lapping
Bars can be added by overlapping them.
The amount of overlap is called the Lap length
Lap Length 60 cm min
107
Laps in Beams
the full lap length
108
Distance between stirrups
Max = 12 x diameter of thinnest bar
109
Cover
Steel bars must be kept covered
by at least 20mm concrete to
prevent water, even moisture and
air pollution from affecting it.

110
Reinforcement needs a
minimum cover of concrete
Water and air cause corrosion of the
steel and destroy its bond with the
concrete. This in turn would weaken
the structure.

111
Bar dia. & Cover relationship
There is a simple method to calculate
the the cover for different bars
112
6-8-10-12-16-20-25
25
32
32 40
50
50
40
concrete face
Cover for beams
113
How to calculate the cover?
If the bar dia. is 6-25mm then
the cover should be 25mm

For other bars
cover = Bar dia.
114
Cover at bar edge
6- 12
25
32
40
64
80
16
20
25
40
115
2...4 cm Cover
cover
cover
116
Cover at the edges
If the bar dia. is 6-12mm the cover
should be 25mm

For other bars
cover = 2 x bar dia.
117
Cover for 25mm bar in a
column

Bar dia. = 25mm

Cover at the edge = 2 x 25mm

= 50mm
118
Spacers
119
Spacers keep the bars within
the cover
Spacer
Formwork
Tied to Bar
120
How to prepare spacer blocks
Concrete spacer blocks can be cast to
the required cover size on site from
cement and sand with a loop of binding
wire
Thickness should be
equal to the
reinforcement cover
121
Planning
What is the cover
thickness ?
No. of blocks ?


?
122
Prepare the wires
Twist the Binding wire to be inserted into
the concrete blocks
123
Form work for spacer block
casting
cover
124
Mark the width of the blocks
on the sides with nails
cover
125
Mix concrete in the proposed
ratio
The cement sand ratio must be the
same as of the concrete work
126
Fill the form half way
127
Insert a binding wire in each
centre of the block
128
Fill the form to the top
129
Wait for the cement to set
130
Mark the sizes on the cement
surface
131
Remove the formwork
132
Cut the blocks with a wire
wire
133
And repeat it the other way
134
Keep them moist to cure
135
Storage
136
Wrong
137
Support bars every 60 cm
60cm
138
Bar stocks
139
When the support distance is
too much bars try to bend
140
Wrong
141
Cover the bars
142
Store separately
Keep different shapes of bars
at different stocks