Presented By

Md. Mesbah Uddin

ID.: 050712
Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering
Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna 9208,
Bangladesh
 Highlight
 Fuel-endangered World

 BioFuel- Efficient
Alternative
 Microbes, the living
machine
 Production of Bioethanol

 Future Challenges
Fuel-endangered World

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Speaker:- Md. Mesbah Uddin

 What is Fuel
 Fuel is any material from
which we can get energy.
e.g. Fossil Fuel, Solar Energy, Wind
Energy, Nuclear Energy, Water
Energy, Biofuel, etc
 Introduction
Energy availability, supply and use play a central role in the way
societies organize themselves, from individual welfare to social and
industrial development. By extension, energy accessibility and cost is a
determining factor for the economical, political and social interrelations
among nations. Considering energy sources, human society has
dramatically increased the use of fossil fuels in the past 50 years in a
way that the most successful economies are large consumers of oil.
However, geopolitical factors related to security of oil supply, high oil
prices and serious environmental concerns, prompted by global
warming - the use of petrol for transportation accounts for one-third of
greenhouse gas emissions (Wyman, 1996) - have led to a push towards
decreased consumption. Indeed, the world's strongest economies are
deeply committed to the development of technologies aiming at the use
of renewable sources of energy. Within this agenda, the substitution of
liquid fuel gasoline by renewable ethanol is of foremost importance.
PetroleumFossil
& Natural Gas Formation
Fuel
 Fossil fuels or mineral fuels are fossil source fuel, that is,
hydrocarbons found within the top layer of the Earth’s
crust.
Example:- Volatile materials with low carbon : hydrogen
ratios like methane, to liquid petroleum to nonvolatile
materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite
coal. Methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields, alone,
associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

 It is generally accepted that they formed from the

fossilized remains of dead plants and animals by exposure
to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over hundreds of
millions of years. This is known as the biogenic theory and
was first introduced by Georg Agricola in 1556 and later
by Mikhail Lomonosoy in 1757. There is an opposing more
modern theory that the more volatile hydrocarbons,
especially natural gas, are formed by abiogenic
processes, that is no living material was involved in their
formation.
 Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources because they take
millions of years to form, and reserves are being depleted
much faster than new ones are being formed.
 One litre of regular gasoline is the time-rendered result of
about 23.5 metric tonnes of ancient phytoplankton material
deposited on the ocean floor.
 The total fossil fuel used in the year 1997 is the result of 422
years of all plant matter that grew on the entire surface and
in all the oceans of the ancient earth.
 Levels (reserves) of
Fossil Fuel
 Oil:1,050 to 1,277 billion barrels (167 to
203 km³) 2003-2005
 Gas: 6,040 - 6,806 trillion cubic feet
(171,000 to 192,700 km³) 6,806*0.182=
1,239 billion barrel oil equivalent (BBOE)
2003-2005
 Coal: 1,081,000 million short tons
(1,081,000*0.907186*4.879= 4,786 BBOE)
(2004)

Fig: Oil-well
Source: EIA oil, gas, coal estimates
 Daily production (Flows)
during 2002
 Oil: (10,230*0.349)*7.9/365= 77 million
barrels per day
 Gas: (10,230*0.212)*7.9/365= 47 million
barrels oil equivalent per day {MBOED}
 Coal: (10,230*0.235)*7.9/365= 52 MBOED
 Years of production left in
the ground
 Oil: 1,277,000 million barrel reserve/77
million barrels used per day/365 days per
year= 45 years
 Gas: 1,239,000 million barrels equivalent
reserve/47 million barrel equivalent used
per day/365 days per year= 72 years
 Coal: 4,786,000 million barrels equivalent
reserve/52 million barrel equivalent used
per day/365 days per year= 252 years

Source: Oil & Gas Journal, World Oil

Environmental Pollution by
CO Emission
Fossil Fuel
2
 The burning of fossil fuels produces
around 21.3 billion tonnes (= 21.3
gigatons) of CO2 per year.
 Natural processes can only absorb
about half of that amount.
 There is a net increase of 10.65
billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon
dioxide per year
 Global
Warming
Melting of Polar Ice
Cont.
An oil spill is the release of a
 liquiddioxide
Carbon petroleum
is one of the hydrocarbon
greenhouse gases
that enhances radiative forcing and contributes to
into warming.
global the environment due to

human
The averageactivity, and
surface temperature
rises in response to CO2.
is ofathe form
Earth

 of the
In pollution.
United States, more than 90% of
greenhouse gas emissions come from the
combustion of fossil fuels.
 Combustion of fossil fuels also produces other air
pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide,
volatile organic compounds and heavy metals;
generates sulfuric, carbonic, and nitric acids,
which fall to Earth as acid rain.
 Fossil fuels also contain radioactive materials,
mainly uranium Fig:
and Oil
VolunteersA cleaning
Spill
thorium
beach after
that
an oil
up the
are released into
spill
aftermath of the
the atmosphere. Prestige oil spill
Oil Spill:
 The oil penetrates and opens up the structure of the
plumage of birds, reducing its insulating ability, and
so making the birds more vulnerable to temperature
fluctuations and much less buoyant in the water.
 It also impairs birds' flight abilities, making it difficult
or impossible to forage and escape from predators.
 Most birds affected by an oil spill die unless there is
human intervention
 Oil coats the fur of Sea otters and seals, reducing its
insulation abilities and leading to body temperature
fluctuations and hypothermia.
 Spills take months or even years to clean up.
 Start of 2008: 100$/barrel

Last Seven
December, 2007: 98$/barrel

Oil Price
Mid 2006: 75$/barrel

Months: 55%
July-September, 2005:

increase in oil
60$/barrel

Year 2004: ~40$/barrel

PriceYear 2003:
~30$/barrel Source: Prothom Alo, 19-07
•Bangladesh Spends
Inflation
about $2 billion/year to
import Oil. 7.5% (it may
 Bangladesh:
exceed 10% due to recent
It price)
oil is 15% of total
National
 India: 11.63%Budget of
Bangladesh.
 Vietnam: 26.8%

 Philippine: 11.8%
Through Biofuel
production, half of Alo,its
Source: Prothom 19-07-20
 We Entering
World need
Danger Zone
alternative
source
Due to of
Energy
!!!Energy
(???!!!)
What to do?
Crisis!!!
That’s Right!