Working Model

of
Solar Bat-mo-bile

Presented By 
Shashank
bhatnagar
&
Gaurav sethi
Introduction:-

The Zener-based solar engine

Using a Zener diode as a voltage sensor

The Zener solar engine is, as its name implies, a

simple type 1 solar engine based on a
Zener diode. This is the original solar engine
design, by Mark Tilden, no less!
How it works (simplified)
The capacitor charges until the PNP transistor
(here shown as a 2N3906, but you could also use
a BC327) receives base current through the Zener
and turns on. Then the NPN transistor (here shown
as a 2N3904, but you could also use a BC337)
turns on and the capacitor is discharged through
the motor. As the NPN turns on the 2.2K resistor
starts to supply base current to the PNP and the
circuit snaps on. When the capacitor voltage drops
below about 1V, the the PNP turns off, the NPN
turns off and disconnects the motor from the
capacitor which starts to charge up again.
FEEDBACK
With the 2.2K resistor connected to the NPN
collector the circuit behavior is more
complicated and first we look at how it affects
the SE triggering process.
When the Zener starts to turn on the Zener
current flows through the 2.2 K resistor and the
motor winding and generates a voltage at the
base of the NPN equal to V = I x R (ohm's law).
But no current can flow through the PNP base
until the base / emitter voltage is about 0.55 V.
That means you need a minimum current of I =
E / R or about 0.25 mA through the 2.2 K resistor
before any current even starts to flow in the PNP
base.
 One more comment
Sometimes a capacitor is placed in parallel with
the motor winding. Remember that an inductor in
parallel with a capacitor forms a resonant circuit
in which at one frequency the signal losses
approach zero and small voltage oscillations build
up to become large oscillations. Add some
transistors and feedback and there is a tendency
for the circuit operation to stabilize around this
particular instability, generating acoustic noise
and vibration in the motor windings instead of
motor rotation
 
FUTURE ASPECTS

THE MACHINE CAN BE

UPGRADED BY INCLUDING
SOME SENSING DEVICES
SUCH AS BUMP
SENSORS,LIGHT DETECTING
SENSORS ETC………
IR SENSOR BASED SOLAR
CAR
In ir sensor based car, the
car will able to controlled by
IR sensor. and it will detect
the ir radiation and follow
the objective path and catch
the light from where the
light will be coming.
Bump Sensors
Work on bump sensor systems
for cars has been going on since
the 1950s, but that earlier work
did not lead to practical
products. The paper reviews
some of that earlier work, and
shows how recent technological
advances have now made
automotive radar practical. It
also shows some results
obtained from current work in
this field.
Conclusion:-
The Bat-mobile is a `wild robot' - there is no switch 
to turn it off. I once parked the prototype in a dark 
corner, with a piece of cloth covering the solar 
panel. A day later it was caught in an attempt to 
very slowly wriggle free! But it is still a very primitive 
beast, not at all capable of looking after itself in a 
randomly chosen environment. 
Is there a future in this, one may wonder. Will 
something like the Bat-mobile ever lead to a useful 
kind of wild robot, or is it just a toy, a dead end as 
far as the development of robots is concerned? 
What will a real robot come to look like? Certainly 
not like Commander Data from Star Trek. There will 
always be cheaper ways to make something that so 
closely resembles a man. 
Many chores we would gladly have a robot 
do - vacuuming the house, mowing the grass
- demand something smaller, equipped with 
tools for the job. Even better would be a 
robot with more than one body: a collective 
organism. Then if you had a larger house or 
lawn, you wouldn't need another model, just 
more of the same robot. The advantage isn't 
just cheaper mass production. A collective 
organism never breaks down! The many little
sub-robots divide the work between them, 
and automatically take over from one that 
stops. The robot as a whole continues, even 
if most of his `body' is defective. It will just 
mow or vacuum a bit slower. And repair is 
easy. You just buy a few more sub-robots. 
Small and simple really do have the future.