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Nursing
Liza Roda
Claudine J. Turla
Charysse A. Tomolin
Ed Daryll R. Batitang
Ian leonard C. Celebrado
Personality
Development
CO URSE OBJEC TIVES :
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
At the end of the discussion, the
students are expected to have
known the principles and
significance of the different theories
of human development and
behavior.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of the term, the students are
expected to:
• Have a more comprehensive analysis of
the different theories of personality, their
dynamics and development.
• Gain insights in dealing with different
personality and behavior.
• Show sensitivity to human needs and
problems.
• Show awareness about the importance of
theories to the understanding of
personality.
Contents
• Erikson's Psychological
Development
• Freud's Psychosexual
Development
• Freud's Structural Model of
Personality
• Kohlberg's Theory of Moral
Development
• Piaget’s Cognitive Development
Erikson’s
Psychosocial
Development
What is Psychosocial
Development?
Psychosocial development as articulated by
Erik Erikson describes eight
developmental stages through which a
healthily developing human should pass from
infancy to late adulthood. In each stage the
person confronts, and hopefully masters, new
challenges. Each stage builds on the
successful completion of earlier stages. The
challenges of stages not successfully
completed may be expected to reappear as
problems in the future.
Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson describes the physical,
emotional and psychological stages of development
and relates specific issues, or developmental work or
tasks, to each stage. For example, if an infant's
physical and emotional needs are met sufficiently, the
infant completes his/her task -- developing the ability
to trust others. However, a person who is stymied in
an attempt at task mastery may go on to the next
state but carries with him or her the remnants of the
unfinished task. For instance, if a toddler is not
allowed to learn by doing, the toddler develops a
sense of doubt in his or her abilities, which may
complicate later attempts at independence. Similarly,
a preschooler who is made to feel that the activities
he or she initiates are bad may develop a sense of
guilt that inhibits the person later in life.
Stages of
Psychosocial
Development in
Infancy and Early
Childhood
Psychological Stage 1 - Inf ancy ( Bi rth -18
months)
Anal phase
Genital phase
The genital stage starts at puberty, allowing the child to
develop opposite sex relationships with the libidinal energy
again focused on the genital area. According to Freud, if
any of the stages are fixated on, there is not enough libidinal
energy for this stage to develop untroubled. To have a fully
functional adulthood, and to accomplish "appropriate"
heterosexual maturity, the previous stages need to be fully
resolved.
Freud's Structural
Model of Personality