The above mentioned categories have their own set of list which is studied in detail below..
Overview
Acoustical properties Acoustical absorption Speed of sound
Atomic properties
Atomic mass Atomic number- applies to pure elements only Atomic weight - applies to individual isotopes or specific mixtures of isotopes of a given element.
Chemical properties Corrosion resistance Hygroscopy pH Reactivity Specific internal surface area Surface energy Surface tension
Electrical properties Conductivity Dielectric constant Dielectric strength Electrical conductivity Permeability Permittivity Piezoelectric constants Seebeck coefficient Environmental properties Embodied energy Embodied water RoHS compliance There are a variety of other properties to consider in an environmental impact assessment that effect the ecological or human environment that may be difficult to quantify (unlike most of the properties listed on this page) including pollution (extraction, transportation, manufacture), scarcity/abundance, habitat destruction, renewability, recyclability, wars fought over materials, labor exploitation, etc. These can be subjective, dependent on context, or inadequately measured Magnetic properties Curie Point Diamagnetism Hysteresis Permeability Manufacturing properties Castability Extruding temperature and pressure Hardness Machinability rating Machining speeds and feeds
Shear strength Softness Specific modulus Specific weight Tensile strength Yield strength Young's modulus Coefficient of friction(also depends on surface finish) Coefficient of restitution Optical properties Absorptivity Color Luminosity Photosensitivity Reflectivity Refractive index Scattering Transmittance Radiological properties Neutron cross-section Specific activity
Auto ignition temperature Binary phase diagram Boiling point Coefficient of thermal expansion Critical temperature Curie point Emissivity Eutectic point Flammability Flash point Glass transition temperature Heat of fusion Heat of vaporization
Inversion temperature Melting point Phase diagram Pyrophoricity Solidus Specific heat Thermal conductivity Thermal diffusivity Thermal expansion Seebeck coefficient Triple point Vapor Pressure Vicat softening point
Of that all, the most important properties that we consider in our domain is mechanical and manufacturing properties and, lets see each of them in detail Manufacturing Properties Castability : Its the casting property that defines how easy a part can be casted. The main attributes that control the quality of casting is the part volume, surface area, and the number of features.
The design that reduces the castability are: Undercuts ,interior cavities due to tooling complexions. Sudden changes in wall thickness because of turbulence during filling, fillets are used to rectify it. Non planar parting line which increases tooling complexions. Making highly accurate casting will also reduce the castablity. To increase the castablity we should have a very good design intend. Here in casting we have to use drafts, fillets, less complex features for a good castablity Hardness: Its the measure of material resistance towards different forces. It also depends on lot other properties like ductility, plasticity, etc We have 3 types of hardness that is measured so far, that is Scratch: It measures the fracture resistance due to friction from a sharp object
Indentation: It measures the fracture resistance due to a constant compression load from a sharp object
Rebound: Its also called as dynamic hardness which is measured my dropping a diamond tipped hammer on the sample to measure the bounce height, this is related with the elasticity Machinability rating : Machinability is nothing but a property of a material that defines how easy a metal can be machined.. There is no standard way of quantifying the machinablity but still there are few ways like machinability rating which is determined by American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). It is determined my running a turning test at 180sfpm(surface feet per minute) and comparing to a constant and they are rated with percentage. The constant is B112steel with 160brinell. The rating is determined by considering tool life, cutting speed and surface finish. The normal rating for a material to have a good machinability property is 100 % which is assigned to B112steel.
Mechanical properties: Compressive strength: The ability of a material to withstand compression force. Hard materials have higher compressive strength whereas the soft material has lower compressive strength. Tensile strength(ultimate strength): Its a opposite of compressive strength, in which the material have to withstand the stress that is produced when it is stretched. It is measured by tensile test and the highest point of the stress and strain curve is the ultimate tensile strength. The value does not depend on the size of the sample material. And the unit of measurement is Pascal.
Density(mass density): It is defined as the mass per unit volume. Sometimes the values of it changes according to the materials temperature and pressure but mostly all the materials are measured in standard temperature pressure(STP). The unit of density is kg/m 3
Specific weight: This is same as density but here it is weight per unit volume. The unit is N/m 3
Fatigue limit: Fatigue limit or fatigue strength or endurance limit is the value of the stress at which the material tend to break or fail. Shear strength: It is the Strength of the material against the failure due to shear load. Poissons ratio: Whenever a material is compressed in one direction it tends to expand in other two direction, this is called poissons effect and the measure of this is called poisson ratio. Poisson effect is mainly helpful in pipe flow analysis. Yield strength: Yield strength or yield point of a material is the value of stress above which the material deforms plastically. Below this yield point the material tends to be in elastic form in which the material regains its position if it is stressed and released, which is termed as elasticity. And plasticity is a permanent form after which the material does not regain its position even after the stress is release.
Ductility: Its the property of the material which can able to deform under a tensile stress. Example of this is, ability of a material to form into wire. Malleability: This is the property in which the material has the ability to deform, in compressive stress. Example of this is, ability of a material to form into sheet by hammering or some other process.