Myths & Facts Of Heart

Dr. Vijay Dikshit (M.S., M.Ch, FICC)

Chief Cardiac Surgeon
Apollo Hospitals
Hyderabad
Normal Heart
Diseases of Heart
Congenital (Birth defects)
Valve diseases
Coronary Artery Diseases
NORMAL CORONARY ANATOMY
Coronary Heart Disease
(Plaque, Atherosclerosis)
What Is Heart Attack?
Coronary artery becomes
blocked - usually by a clot.
Blood flow is closed off
and a heart attack begins.
If blockage continues,
parts of the heart muscle
start to die.
Heart may stop beating.
Heart Attack
Presentation Of CAD
No symptoms
Angina
Heart attack
Sudden death
Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack
Symptoms:
Uncomfortable pressure
Fullness
Squeezing pain
Pain spreading to the shoulders
Neck and arms
Chest discomfort and light
headedness
Anxiety / nervousness
sweating
Cardiac Misconceptions
Heart disease is caused by stress worry or
overwork
If youve had a heart attack you are bound to
die of heart disease
Rest restores the heart
Any excitement or shock could cause
another heart attack
Risk Factors Of Coronary
Artery Diseases
Major
Diabetes
High Blood Pressure
Abnormal Cholesterol
Family History
Smoking
STRESS
Minor
Obesity
Inactivity
Diet
Gout
Hormonal Disorders
Changeable Risk Factors
Hypertension
Serum cholesterol
Obesity
Diabetes Mellitus
Physical Inactivity
Cigarette Smoking
Alcohol Intake
Non Modifiable Risk Factors
Age
Family History
Gender
ECG
Normal ECG does not mean a normal heart
ECG indicates the condition of the heart at
the time of recording.
ECG does not have any prognostic value
TMT
Coronary Angiography
C.T Coronary Angiogram
Prevention Of CAD
Diet
Cholesterol
Exercise
Smoking
Alcohol
Stress
Diet and Prevention of CAD
High fiber low fat
Predominantly vegetarian food
Choose nonfat or low-fat products.
Use lean meats - choose chicken, fish, turkey
Switch to fat-free milk - gradually reduce the fat
content of the milk you drink.
Cholesterol
Everybody needs cholesterol, it serves a
vital function in the body.
It is a component of the nerve tissue of the
brain and spinal cord as well as other major
organs.
Frequently measured to promote health and
prevent disease.
A major component of the plaque that clogs
arteries.
Types of Cholesterol
Lipoproteins - 4 main classes

Chylomicrons
Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
The Facts About Fat
Certain fats are essential for good nutrition
and health.
Fats provide essential fatty acids which the
body cant manufacture.
Act as insulators to maintain body
temperature.
Improve the palatability of food and promote
digestion.
Cholesterol Level
Desirable Border line High Risk
Total Cholesterol < 200 200 240 > 240
LDL Cholesterol 100 100 150 > 150
HDL Cholesterol > 40 30 - 40 < 30
Triglyceride 150 150 - 200 > 200
Good Cholesterol
HDL is known as the good cholesterol.
It helps carry some of the bad cholesterol out
of the body.
It does not have the tendency to clog
arteries.
Levels should be >35.
High levels of HDL >60 can actually negate
one other risk factor.
Bad Cholesterol
LDL is known as bad cholesterol. It has a
tendency to increase risk of CHD.
LDLs are a major component of the
atherosclerotic plaque that clogs arteries.
Levels should be <130
Exercise and CVD
Serves several functions in
preventing and treating those at
high risk.
Reduces incidence of obesity.
Increases HDL
Lowers LDL and total cholesterol
Helps control diabetes and
hypertension
Those at high risk should take
part in a specially supervised
program.
Cigarette Smoking
Causes an increase in blood pressure
Lowers the levels of HDL
Within 1 year of quitting, CAD risk
decreases, within 2 years it reaches the level
of a nonsmoker.
Alcohol Consumption
In small amounts it acts as a vasodilator.
In large amounts it acts as a vasoconstrictor
& adds to the caloric intake
The good & Bad affects of Alcohol are
divided with a very fine line!
Treatment
Drugs
Angioplasty & Stent
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Angioplasty & Stent (PTCA)
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
(CABG)
The most frequently performed
major surgery.
Surgery reroutes or Bypasses
blood around clogged arteries.
Operating Room
Robotic Surgery
Conclusion
Coronary Artery Disease is highest among
Indians.

It is highly preventable and controllable with
diet and exercise.

With present treatment of Angioplasty &
Coronary Bypass Surgery person can live
long and fruitful life