MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

AATAY AKTEN
080302043
What is MPP and MPPT ?
The amount of power generated by a PV depends
on the operating voltage of the array. A PVs
maximum power point (MPP) varies with solar
insolation, temparature and shading. Its V-I and V-P
characteristic curves specify a unique operating
point at which maximum possible power is
delivered. Therefore, many methods have been
developed to determine MPP.
What is MPP and MPPT ?
A maximum power point tracker (MPPT) allows the
PV modules to operate at the maximum power point
in the IV curve and is included as a part of most
modern inverters and DC/DC regulators. With some
factors, solar cells currents and voltages changes
all the time. An MPPT views the output of the PV
modules and changes the resistance of the system
to have the solar modules operate at max power.

MPPT can only operate within a certain voltage
range. And this defines as in their datasheets.

FACTORS WHICH EFFECT THE MPP
Weather Conditions
Temperature
Irradiation

Shading
The output of a cell declines when shaded by a tree
branch, building or module dust. The output declines
proportionally to the amount of shading.

Maximum temperature = 38.5C

Minimum temperature = 10.5C
Average temperature = 19C
MPP CALCULATIONS
Effects of Weather Conditions on
Solar Cell

Temperature Effects on Short Circuit

Current (Isc)
I
sc
=I
sc
x [1-
Isc
(T
cell
-25
o
C)]
- I
sc
:Short circuit current
-
Isc
:Temperature coefficient of Isc
- T
cell
:Temperature of cell

Short-Circuit Current I
sc
: The maximum amperage
generated by a PV panel exposed to sunlight with the
output terminals shorted.
Short-Circuit Current Temperature Coefficient (%/C):
The change in panel short-circuit current per degree Celsius at
temperatures other than 25C.




Temperature Effects on Open
Circuit Voltage (Voc)
V
oc
=V
oc
x[1- (T
cell
-25
o
C)]
V
oc
:Open circuit voltage

:Voltage Temperature Coefficient (%/C)
T
cell
:Cell temperature

Open-Circuit Voltage Voc : The open-circuit
voltage, V
OC
, is the maximum voltage available from
a solar cell, and this occurs at zero current.
Voltage Temperature Coefficient (%/C): The
change in panel open-circuit voltage at temperatures
other than 25C. If given, It is most commonly used
to calculate maximum system voltage .


Temperature Effects on Output Power
P
real
= P
m
x [1 - (T
cell
- 25C)]
P
m
:Theoretical maximum power
:Temperature coefficient of Pm
T
cell
:Temperature of Cell

Real Value of Power P
real
: Maximum power which is
available from a solar cell, exposed defined conditions.
Power Temperature Coefficient (%/C): The change
in panel power at temperatures other than 25C. If given,
It is most commonly used to calculate maximum system
power .

MPP CALCULATIONS
MPPT TECHNIQUES
Indirect Techniques
Curve fitting method
Lookup table method
Fractional OC method
Fractional SC method

Direct Techniques
Hill climbing/P&O Method
Incremental Conductance Method
Constant Valtage Method
Parasitic Capacitance Method
PERTURB & OBSERVE METHOD
The perturbation and observation (P&O) method is the most
common algorithm because of its simplicity. In this method,
P/V characteristic of photovoltaic panels is utilized.
INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE
METHOD
Another widely used method for determining the MPP is
the incremental conductance (IC) which is derived by
differentiating the PV power with respect to voltage and
setting the result to zero. And its algorithm always check
these conditions.


and
CONSTANT VOLTAGE METHOD
The basis for the constant voltage algorithm is the
observation from IV curves that the ratio of the arrays
maximum power voltage as shown in figure, VMPP, to its
open-circuit voltage, VOC, is approximately constant.


PARASITIC CAPACITANCE METHOD
The Parasitic Capacitance is most recently MPPT
techniques. This technique is similar to Incremental
conductance technique.
But in this method, PV cells p - n junction formed in the
load resulting from the accumulation of "parasitic junction
capacity" value exchange is taken into account.


COMPARISON OF METHODS
COMPARISON OF METHODS
Most efficient algorithm is the parasitic
capacitance method but practically most
common algorithm is the perturb and
observe method because it is more
economic and simpler algorithm.
COMPONENTS OF MPPT
DC/DC Regulators
Buck
Boost
Buck & Boost

DC/AC Invertors


**MPPT devices are typically integrated into an electric
power converter system that provides voltage or current
conversion, filtering, and regulation for driving various
loads, batteries or motors.