Motivation Theories

Morale
It is a state of mind & emotions
affecting the attitude & willingness to
work, which in turn, affects individual
& organisation objective
- Theo Haimann

What is Morale??
It is an attitude of mind & esprit de corps, a
state of well being & an emotional force.

What does it do??

It affects output, the quality of a product, costs,
co-operation, enthusiasm, discipline, initiative
& other ingredients of success.



Where does it reside??

It resides in the minds & emotions of individuals &
in the reactions of their group or groups.

What does it affect??

It affects an employees or a groups willingness to
work & cooperate in the best interests of the
individuals, groups & the organisations for which
they work.

Whom does it affect??

It affects the employees & executives in their
interactions. Ultimately, it affects the consumers &
the community.


Measurement of Morale
Morale is an intangible & subjective
concept it cannot be directly measured or
evaluated. A properly designed programme
has, therefore, to be utilised to test the
morale of individuals in an organization.

Measures of Morale :
Observation
General Meetings
Questionnaires
Company records & Reports.
Speaking with departing personnel
Outside Consultants



Indicators of Low Morale
Work place conflicts.
Absenteeism/ Lateness
Stress.
Trouble with the supervisor.
Performance shortcomings.
Lack of pride in work.
Wastage & Spoilage.
High labour turnover.

Improving Morale
Research indicates that the number one cause
of conflict & low morale at work is the way the
people communicate with each other.
Communicate! is a program of continuous
morale boosting communication & education
for all employees.

Theres only one way to know how
good morale really is in your company
ask the people who work there.


Ways of improving morale :

1. Effective Communication.
2. Review meetings.
3. Counseling.
4. Job satisfaction.
5. Active participation.
6. Friendly atmosphere.

Effective tools for Morale building
Motivation
Team building
Make time for people
Provide regular feedback
Training & Development
Provide Leadership



Motivation
IGNITE THE SPARK WITHIN
What is missing is the SPARK
A Spark Called Motivation
What is Motivation ?

Motivation is the process by which Inner Striving
Condition which activates or moves individual into
action and continues him
in the course of action enthusiastically.

Motivation is the art of stimulating someone or
oneself to take desired course of action.
Motivation means a process of stimulating people to
action to accomplish desired goals.

Motivation is the driving force in our lives
It Comes from a desire to succeed. Without success there
is little pride in life. No enjoyment or excitement at
work or at home
Difference between Inspiration & Motivation
Inspiration Motivation
Inspiration is Motivation is
Change in thinking Change in Action

Motive As an inner-state that energizes activities and
directs the behaviour of individuals towards certain goals


Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Level of hierarchy of Needs - from lowest to highest
Extrinsic Factors Instrinsic Factors

Food, Shelter,
Air, Clothing

Protection against
Danger, Threats or
Harm, Job Security
Love & Affections,
Friendship,Public
relations,Status or
Goodwill
Social Needs
Prestige, Self
respect,
Confidence,
Courage,
Autonomy,
Achievement,
Appreciation,
Recognition
Self Growth by
carrier Plans,
Talent,
Knowledge,
Power, Job
Responsibility

Esteem
Needs
Growth
Upper Level
Lower level
Physiological
Needs
Safety
Needs
1
2
3
4
5
Assumptions of Maslows Theory
Man is a wanting animal
Satisfied needs looses its capacity
Mans needs have a hierarchy


Fredrick Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory
Two Factors Motivation Model

Hygiene Factors Motivational Factors
Satisfiers Dissatisfiers
Company Policy,
Administration,
Salary, Job Security,
Group relations
status,Working
Conditions,Communi
cation.
Negative X
Theory
Achievements,
Advancements,
Recognition, Growth
Opportunities, Power
& Work itself.
Positive Y Theory
Employee
Goal oriented
Job Enlargement:
Challenging by increasing expected output
Adding other tasks to the job
Rotating the assignments

Job Enrichment:
Removing some controls with retaining accountability
Increasing Accountability
Granting additional authority
Introducing new and more difficult tasks not handled
previously
Specific and Specialised tasks to make experts


Motivational Factors
Traditional Theory or Theory X

Assumptions of X-Theory

Workers are not interested to work
Fear alone can force action
Workers are passive as they prefer security
Money alone can make people work
Labour only a factor of production
Authority synonymous with control
Lack of ambition, dislikes responsibility
Self centered and indifferent to organisational
needs.

Douglas McGregor -Theory X and Theory Y

Modern Theory or Theory Y
Assumptions of Y Theory

Work is reward in itself
Inherent sense of responsibility
Recognition Financial Reward
Decision making ability not the
monopoly of a few
Democratic nature


Theory X
Traditional
Boss-ship
No Ambition
Pessimistic
Theory Y
Modern
Leadership
Optimistic
Ambition
There are three major relevant motives or
needs in workplace situations.This theory is
closely assosciated with the achievement
motive. These motives are:

- The need for Achievement
- The need for Application
- The need for Power


David McCellandss Theory
Attain personal responsibility for finding
solutions to problems.
Immediate feedback information
Moderately Challenging goals
Accomplishing a task intrinsically satisfying


Seek Situations
Achievers closely align with qualities
necessary for successful entrepreneurship.
High achievers are attracted to
commissioned sales
They like to involve themselves with
challenging risks
Need rapid feedback
Opportunities to influence the outcome
Habitually spend

Characteristics
Rewards & Achievements
Get more raises in Salary, perks and extra
fringe benefits
Promoted faster.
Organisations with many such people grows
faster and earns more profit
Human beings are difficult to research and it is
difficult to say which theory of motivation
stands completely valid and acceptable.
All things do not mean the same to all men.
Topic of motivation is an inter relationship
type of topic in that worker and the job are
continually in interplay one with the other.
Conclusion
THANK YOU