Presented to:-

DR.RITU JINDAL
The Head of the Department
Presented by:-
PARAMJIT KAUR
BDS Final prof.
Rollno. 40

:-
Pre -dentate period
Gum pads
Features of gum pads
Upper gum pad
Lower gum pad
Growth of gum pad
Relationship of gum pads
Cleaning of gum pads
Tongue
Tonsils and adenoids
Buccal pad of fat




Pre-dentate period

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Pre-dentate
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DEFINITION:- Pre dentate period is
defined as the period from birth to the
eruption of the first deciduous teeth in
the oral cavity.
.
GUM PADS
DEFINITION: The alveolar
arches of an infant are called
gum pads.
Gumpads develops in 2
parts:-
Labial portion
Lingual portion
These portions are separated
from each other by a dental
groove which is the site of
origin of the dental lamina.

:-
Thickened oral mucous membrane of the
gums.
Pink in color and firm in consistency .
Each gum pad is divided into ten segments by
transverse grooves.
The groove between the deciduous canine
and first molar region segments are
prominent and called as lateral sulcus (helps
to judge the inter arch relationship).
Gum pads showing:-
2. Dental groove
1. Gingival groove
3. Lateral sulcus




Horse shoe shaped.
Upper gum pad is divided into 10 segments
by transverse groove.
Gingival groove separates the gum pad from
palate.
Dental groove originates in the incisive
papilla region and extends backwards to
touch the gingival groove in the canine
region and then laterally to end in the
molar region.
Lateral sulcus present between
deciduous canine and first molar
segment.

U-shaped with its anterior portion everted labially.
Lower gum pad is divided into 10 segments by
transverse grooves.
Gingival groove separates the gum pad from the
floor of the mouth.

Dental groove running backwards and
join the gingival groove in the canine
region.
Lateral sulcus present between
deciduous canine and first molar
segment.
At birth the width of the gum pads are inadequate to
accommodate all the incisors.
The growth of gum pads is rapid in the first year after
birth.
Growth is more in a transverse direction and in the labio-
lingual direction.
Due to growth the segments of each gum pad become
prominent.
Eruption of deciduous teeth commences at six months.
At rest:- the gum pads are
separated by the tongue.
There is no definite antero-
posterior relationship of the
gum pads on occlusion.
The lateral sulcus of the
lower gum pads lies distal to
that of the upper.
There is a variable overjet
with contact only in the first
molar segments.

DURING FUNCTION:- mandible moves
vertically and in antero-posterior direction.
Lateral movements are absent.
Contact is at the first molar region with
space in the anterior region facilitate
suckling.


Started within the first week
of birth.
The parent can be instructed
to:- lay the baby down with
his/her head in your lap and
feet pointing away.
Take a small gauge between
thumb and forefinger and wipe
vigorously over the gum pad.

Now a days specially designed
materials used such as:-
1. Infant tooth brush
2. Finger coats
3. Wipes .
Use adequate pressure
just to remove the film
that covers the gum pad.
Clean at least every day
twice after morning and
last feed in the night.
Duration of cleaning:
2 to 3 minutes.


TONGUE
The tongue is flat, thin and blunt tipped probably
due to the short frenum.
The tongue, at this stage performs only one
function, i.e . act as a piston while suckling.

TONSILS
AND
ADENOIDS
AT BIRTH:- tonsils and adenoids are small in size.
Clusters of white yellow follicles with erythematous
borders may appear initially. A few days after birth
these may regress.
FIRST FEW MONTHS:- The growth of tonsils and
adenoids takes place as the lymphoid tissue starts
proliferating and establishing function.
SIX MONTHS TO 2 YEARS:-Maximum growth
occurs as the primary physiological enlargement.
AT SIX YEARS:- Hypertrophy occurs ,when the
child is exposed to infection at school, this is the
secondary physiological enlargement.
AT PUBERTY:-The regression and atrophy of the
nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue finally occurs by
the time the child attains puberty.

SYNONYMS:- Corpus adiposum
Bichats fat pad
It is the childs reserve of energy.
it is nothing but the cheek
prominence giving the infant chubby
cheek appearance.
it is formed of firm encapsulated
mass of fat lying between the
subcutaneous fat and muscles of
cheek.
Its exact role in suckling is not
known but it has been found to
regress once the suckling has
ceased.

WINDOW OF INFECTIVITY
CAUFIELD (1993) monitored oral cavity levels from birth up
to 5 yrs.
The initial acquisition mutans S.& designed the time period
as WINDOW OF INFECTIVITY.
As the teeth erupt in the oral cavity they provide virgin
habit which enables MS to colonize the oral cavity avoiding
competition with other indigenous bacteria.
Thus in the window period in deciduous teeth the MS is
established by 7-31 months of age & may have difficulty in
establishing later because it would need to compete with
other indigenous bacteria.