Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Engineers Desk
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ENGINEERING
CONSULTANCY & MEP
Training
HVAC-What is it?
Indoor & environmental
comfort.
Cooling during Summer
Heating during winter
Heat transfer always from
hot cold
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Engineers Desk
History
Ancient Egyptian Houses
Air shaft with water Spray
Reduce room temperature
and humidity
Aqueducts in Rome
Water Channel cooled by
air passing through
Piping through the walls of
houses with this cold water
Willis Haviland Carrier
The inventor of modern air
conditioners in 1911
The coolest invention

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Engineers Desk
Air Conditioning?
Removal of heat
Altering the properties of air
Setting the Human Comfort Zone
Maintain the air quality

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Engineers Desk
Removal of heat or Heat transfer
Different modes of heat transfer
Conduction
Direct contact with each
other
Better the conductor,
Faster the heat transfer
When molecules gain
maximum energy the
remaining is transferred to
the nearby molecule

Convection
Transfer of heat from hot
to cold places
Warmer area of liquid or
gas will rise higher and is
replaced by cooler particles
ex. Earths atmosphere,
boiling water

Radiation
No contact with the heat
source and heated object
Thermal radiation or
infrared radiation
Electromagnetic radiation
Ex. Sun heating the earth,
light bulb filaments
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Engineers Desk
Air properties
AIR
Temperature
Density
Specific heat
capacity
Thermal
conductivity
For HVAC Design

Dry Bulb temperature (DBT)
Wet bulb Temperature(WBT)
Relative humidity (RH%)
Enthalpy

Psychometric chart
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Engineers Desk
Human comfort
Human comfort zone in Psychometric chart
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Engineers Desk
Basics of Air conditioners
High Pr & Temp
Compressor
Lowest Pr & temp
Condensor coil
High Pr & Temp

High Pr & low Temp

Expansion valve
High Pr & Low Temp

Low Pr & low Temp

Evaporator coil
Low Pr & Low Temp

Lowest Pr & Temp

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Engineers Desk
Refrigerants
Fluorocarbons-CFC, HCFC, HFC
Excellent thermodynamic properties
Liquid substance with Low Boiling point
Non corrosive to mechanical Machines
Non flammable and non toxic
Carries the heat from the conditioned
space to outdoor

Most commonly used Refrigerants
Type ASHRAE No Molecular Form
CFC R-12 CCL2F2
HCFC R-22 CHClF
HFC R-134a C2H2F4
HFC R-143a C2H3F3
HCFC R-401A 532% CHClF
2
13+.5,-
1.5% C
2
H
4
F
2
341% C
2
HF
4
Cl
HFC R-410A 50+.5,1.5% CH
2
F
2
50+1.5,.5% C
2
HF
5

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Engineers Desk
Downsides of refrigerants
Inert nature of refrigerants leads to stability in the
atmosphere.
Ozone Layer depletion
R-12 being banned from most countries
New refrigeration developments R-401A, R-410A etc

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Engineers Desk
Types of ACs
Window or through wall Split system
Central Air conditioning
Fixed in a window or
wall opening
The whole cycle
under one shell

Unitary Packaged ductless
Indoor(Fan &
evaporator coil)
Outdoor(Compressor
& Condenser)
Wall mounted Ducted split
VRF
Air cooled
chillers
Water cooled
chillers
District cooling
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Engineers Desk
Ventilation Systems
BUT WHY?
Remove unpleasant smell
Gets fresh air from outside to maintain
the air quality
Maintains Air quality
Process of changing or replacing the air
2 Different methods

Mechanical Ventilation


Natural Ventilation
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Engineers Desk
Ventilation System
Exhaust
Fresh Air
Extracts unpleasant smell from
Kitchen, Bathroom, etc.
Using an Extract fan
Extracts Fresh air from outside
Fed to the FAHU
to retreat it
Heat recovery unit to
increase the efficiency
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Engineers Desk
Heat Pumps
Against the Laws of
Thermodynamics
Flow of heat from cold to
hot
Reverse process of cooling
Mostly used for warming
up the space
Popular in cold countries
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Engineers Desk
Latest Technologies & Energy Conservation methods
District cooling
Radiant cooling
Temperature
controlled surface
Heat transfer
through radiation
Can be installed on
floor or ceiling
Reduces space
consumptions for
ducts, Indoors etc.
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Engineers Desk
Geothermal
Airconditioning
Energy conservation methods
Major power
consumers
Improving fan
efficiency
Heat recovery systems
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Engineers Desk
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Engineers Desk