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Naila Gul
MSc previous
R.No. 23
The terpenoid are called Isoprenoids
are a large and diverse class of
naturally occuring organic chemical.
Similar to terpenes derive from five
carbon isoprenes unit assembled and
modified in thousand of way. Most
are multicyclic structure that differ
from one another not only in
functional group but also in their basic
carbon skeleton,.,.,.,.,.,,.,.
During the 19th century Chemical works on
terpentine led to name terpenes.
The hydrocarbons with the general formula
C10 H16 found in that complex plant
product.
They are universally pressent in small
amount in living organism where they a
numerous role in plant physiology as well as
important function in all cellular membrane.
They are the main constituent of essential oils
of plants and flower.
Building block in many living creature

Most terpenes are
colourless,fragrant liquid few
of them Camphor,are a solid.
They are lighter then water.
They are soluble in organic
solvent( ),,,,,,

TERPENES CAN BE CLASSIFIED BY THE NO. OF
ISOPRENES UNIT.

Consist of single isoprenes unit.

2
Consist of two isoprene unit and
have the M.F is
C
5
H
10
.e.g,geranoil(colourless
liquid having pleasant ROSE
like odour insoluble in water but
dissolved in ethanol)
Consist of 3 isoprene units
and a M.F is
C
15
H
24.
e.g,farnesol.

Composed of four isoprene unit

have the M.F are
C
20
H
32
.e.g,cafestol.
Consist of five isoprene unit.

Consist of six isoprene unit
and have the M.F C
30
H
48
.the
major constituent of shark
liver oil.
Composed of seven isoprene
units,having the M.F is C
35
H
56
.
Contain eight isoprene
units,M.F is C
40
H
64
.

Plant terpenoid are used extensively

for their aromatic qualities.
They play a role in traditional herbal
remedies and are under investigation
for antibacterial and other
pharmaceutical function.

The flavour of ginger,the yellow colour
in sunflower,red colour in tomatose
due to the terpenes,,,,,,,,,
The steroids and sterols in
animals are basically produced
from terpenoid precursors.
Many terpenes are a aromatic
hydrocarbon thus may have a
protective function.
Synthetic variations and derivities
of terpenes also greatly expand
the variation of aromas,used in
perfumary and flavour,,,,,,,,,
Menthol is a well
known terpenoid used
in mouth wash, nasal
sprays chewing_gum,in
cosmatics
toothpaste,shaving
cream,shaving
lotion,face creams and
powders.


Monoterpenes with their
penetrating odour,probably
function as either attracting or
repelling insect,according to
their intension,,,

A sesquiterpenes i.e abscisic acid
which is growth inhibitory in
nature and regulate the dormancy
in woody plants and leaf
abscission in cotton plants.
Sweet potato responds to the
infection of black rot
fungus(ceratocystis fimbrialla) by
synthesizing large amount of
sesquiterpene which has
anti_fungal action against the
fungus.
The growth harmone GIBBERELLIN are
diterpenes derivities.
Sterols are associated with cell
organelles and may be structural unit
of the membranes of the cell partical
in plantas cholestrol in animals cell.
Terpenoids functionally as part of
more complex molecules of
chlorophyll,,,the
plastoquinones,ubiquinones.
The ubiquinones with their
large side chains are
important components of
electron transport chain
system,,,
Terpenoids are used into a
number of pharmaceutical
products,
Well know terpeniod
citral(colourless liquid and
strong lemon like odour)used
for the manufacture of vitamin
A.recently citral has become
IMP as a drug for reducing
blood pressure
Cannabinoids found in the cannabis
ginkgolide and bilobalide found in
Ginkgo billoba,and Curcuminoid
found in turmeric and Mustard
seed,,,,,,,