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melitante, MAN, RN
Derived from:
Socius: associates
Logus: science or the study
Socius + Logus= science of associates
(scientific study of human society)
Define as:
is the scientific study of human
social relationship with special
emphasis upon groups and
institution




This simply means:
it is a study of social interaction
taking place among individual in
a social group
it focuses on all kinds of social
interactions (social acts, social
relationships, social
organization, and social
processes)




it does not only describe the
social behavior but it also
concerned on the explanation of
such social behavior
it also scientifically study social
problems like race relation,
crime, divorce, etc

Concerns of Sociology:
Social Organization
involves the study of family, social
groups, economy, social
stratification, laws, politics, and
education
Social Psychology
studies human nature and
personality as the product of group
life, social attitudes, and collective
behavior







Social Change and Disorganization
concerned with change in culture
and social relations and the
attendant disruption that may
occur
Population
analyzes population number,
composition, change, and quality
as they influence and are
influenced by the social, economic
and political order




Human Ecology
deals with the human behavior of
a given population in relation to
its environment and the
emergence of the spatial
relations between the people and
environment



Sociological Theory and Methods
includes theory building and
testing the applicability of the
principles of group life as the
bases for the prediction and
control of the individuals social
environment
Applied Sociology
use and application of the findings
of pure sociological research on
the various aspects and problems
of daily life

The Sociological
Imagination
it is a quality of mind, a capacity to
understand the interplay of man
and society, of biography and
history, of self and the world
this is the ability to understand the
relationship between ones life as
an individual and the social forces
that influence it





This will also enables the person
to understand and seek solutions
to the confusion and problem in
society

Anthropology
Derived from:
Anthropos: human
Logia: discourse/study
Anthropos+logia= the study of
humanity
Define as:
a scientific study of humanity, the
similarities and diversity of
cultures , and attempts to present
an integrated picture of mankind

Unifying Theme of
Anthropology
Universalism
- all people are
fully and
equally human
whether they
belong to
indigenous
groups or
urbanized class





all the people on earth belong to
one species, Homo Sapiens


Integration
views at all societies as an
integrated part of a large world
system
kinship and family, economy, art,
politics, religion are
interwoven to form a social
whole



Adaptation
- study how humans are affected by
the surrounding and environment
and what adjustment they make
Holism
- this means getting the whole
picture of a phenomenon and the
application of knowledge from
different fields in order to
understand an aspect of behavior

Concerns and Fields of
Anthropology
Biological or Physical Anthropology
Evolutionary
- seeks to understand how and why
humans evolve




Biological
Variation
- describe and
explains the
pattern of
human diversity
and to explain
why difference
exist as well as
the mechanics
of growth and
development






Sociocultural
Anthropology
- focus on the
social and
cultural
inheritance of
humankind, its
origin and
history
(societies and
culture)





anthropologists
explore society
through its
culture and
lifeways in
order to explain
cultural
differences and
similarities
based on the
data gathered



Archaeology
has the same concerned with
sociocultural anthropology,
however, archeology is focused
on extinct societies while
sociocultural anthropology
focused on the existing societies
it tries to reconstruct the cultural
events of the past through the
material remains



Archaeology
Prehistoric
Archaeology
- study remains
of societies
that did not
leave written
records





Historical Archaeology
- studies remains of societies with
written records
Ethnology
- concentrates on the diverse
cultures of the present through
ethnography





- analyze the
structure and
function of
humans, the
role of the
individual in
society, and
the
development of
personality as
related to
cultural
traditions




Ethnography:
a fieldwork
through
direct
interaction
with the
people
concerned
(immersion)



Linguistics
- the study of human language, its
complex system of symbols, and its
development
Descriptive Linguistics
- concerned with how language are
constructed and how its parts
(sounds and grammar) are
interrelated to form systems of
communication






Historical Linguistics
- focuses on how language grows
and change
Sociolinguistics
- centers on the relationship
between language and social
factors (age, class, gender, and
ethnicity)



Psycholinguistics
- analyzes the ways in which the
language affects our behavior,
beliefs, values, and thinking, and
in turn how these factors affect
our linguistic pattern
Applied Anthropology
- application of the findings

Comparison of Focus Between
Sociology and Anthropology
Sociology Anthropology
Social Organization
Biological/Physical Anthropology
Social Psychology Socio-cultural
Anthropology
Social Change and
Disorganization
Archaeology
Population Ethnology
Human Ecology Applied Anthropology
Sociological Theory and
Methods
Applied Sociology
The Relationship Between
Sociology and Anthropology
Similarities:
study everyday occurrences in the
society (social issues)
interested in the and general
uniformities in social behavior and
social relationships
attempts to understand the way of
life of various cultural groups



both exchanges data from their
researches and studies to
confirm each others results

Differences:
Sociology Anthropology
Interested in the wider,
complex and changeable
modern societies
Interested on ancient &
simple tribe (connecting the
past to present)
Concerned with social
planning
Does not give any
suggestion for the future
society
Methods:
Quantitative: statistics,
survey, poll, interviews,
etc

Methods:
Qualitative: in-depth
interview, participatory
observation
Relation of Sociology and
Anthropology to the Other
Social Sciences:
History:
the study of past events and which
attempts to establish the social
context that influence people
Soc/Anthro:
seek to show the interrelationship
between events and note the
regularities or social pattern in
them



Psychology:
The study of mind, of mental
processes, and of individual
behavior
Soc/Anthro: personality can be
viewed as influenced not only by
ones heredity but also by his
socio-cultural environment




Economics:
The study of production,
distribution and consumptions, as
well as the allocation of the
material goods and services
Soc: seek to show the effect of
socio-cultural factors on economic
activities and the consequences for
human life
Anthro: concerned with the
relationship of economics activities
to society



Political Science:
Focused on power as embodied in
formal and informal organizations
and processes within the
government
Soc: interested in political behavior,
voting behavior, political issues,
and the process of decision-making
Anthro: seeks to find the
interrelationship of the polity with
other social organization