Training Course on Bearings

PM Department
Trainers

1- Muhammad Kashif PM Manager
2- Rao Shahbaz Reliability Engineer


Bearings are an essential component of almost all
machinery. A bearing supports and guides a rotating or
oscillating shaft, pivot or wheel with a minimum of
friction.
FUNCTION OF BEARINGS
The purpose of a bearing is to reduce the friction
between the moving parts.

The reduction of friction can be accomplished by using
material that will easily slide over each other or by the
use of a lubricating oil.
PURPOSE OF BEARINGS
Important factors while selecting bearings are:
1. Load.
2. Speed.
3. Axial Displacement.
Bearing Selection Factors
A- Rolling Contact Bearings :
load is transferred through rolling elements such as balls,
straight and tapered cylinders and spherical rollers.
B- Journal (Sleeve) Bearings:
load is transferred through a thin film of lubricant (oil).
Types of Bearings
4. The rolling
elements keep the
outer and inner rings
separated and
transmit the load
from one ring to the
other. The various
rolling element
shapes give each
bearing a number of
unique
characteristics.
2. The outer ring is
mounted in the
housing and in most
cases it does not
rotate. There is a
raceway on the inside
surface of the outer
ring. The shape of the
raceway is determined
by the rolling
elements.
Bearing Parts:
1. Seals are
essential for a long
and reliable life of
the bearing. They
protect the bearing
from contamination
and keep the
lubricant inside the
bearing. A bearing is
pre-greased if
sealed or shielded
on both sides.
3. The cage is to prevent
immediate contact between
the rolling elements (minimize
friction and heat generation).
To guide the rolling elements.
To provide space for the
lubricant. To retain the rolling
elements when bearings of
separable design are mounted
or dismounted.

5. The inner ring is
mounted on the shaft of
the machine and is in most
cases a rotating part. The
bore can be cylindrical or
tapered. There is a raceway
on the outside surface of
the inner ring. The shape of
the raceway is determined
by the rolling elements.

1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 1.
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Classifications:
1- Radial.

2- Thrust.

3- Tapered.

A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Support only radial loads.


Classifications:
1- Radial
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Support only axial loads.

A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Classifications:
2- Thrust
Support combinations of thrust and radial loads.

A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Classifications:
3- Tapered
a. Deep groove (Conrad) bearing.
b. Angular contact bearings (AC).
c. Four point ball bearing.
d. Self aligning ball bearing.
e. Thrust ball bearing
f. Filling notch ball bearing or maximum capacity
bearing.
g. Spindle bearing.
1. Ball Bearings ( Point Load).
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Types of Rolling Contact Bearings
3. Linear Bearings.
4. Miscellaneous Bearings.
a. Cylindrical bearings.
b. Needle bearings.
c. Tapered bearings.
d. Barrel bearings.
e. Spherical bearings.
2. Roller Bearings ( Line Load-Higher Capacity Than BB).
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Types of Rolling Contact Bearings
Thrust ball bearing
Thrust angular contact
ball bearing
Thrust cylindrical
roller bearing
Thrust spherical
roller bearing
Ball Bearings
Roller Bearings
Deep groove
ball bearing
Angular contact ball bearing
Single row douple row
Four point
ball bearing
Self aligning
ball bearing
Cylindrical
roller bearing
Tapered
roller bearing
Barrel roller
bearing
Spherical roller
bearing
Thrust Bearings
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Load capacity is limited by the number of balls
Primarily designed to support radial loads

There are further two type available in this
type named as:
Single Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing
Double Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing


A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
a. Deep Groove (Conrad) Bearing

Radial load: good
Axial load: good
Alignment: dependent on the
load, between 2 and 16
Limiting speed: high to very
high
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
a. Deep Groove (Conrad) Bearing

Series: 60, 62, 63, 64,
160, 161, 618, 622, 623
Suffixes:
M Solid Brass Cage
.2RS, .2RSR Two Rubber Seals
.2Z, .2ZR Two Steel Shields
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
a. Deep Groove (Conrad) Bearing

The centerline of contact between the balls
and the raceway is at an angle to the plane
perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Used for high radial and thrust load
applications
There are further two type available in this
type named as:
I. Single Row
II. Double Row
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
b. Angular Contact Bearings (AC)
Radial load: good
Axial load: high in one direction
Alignment: very small
Limiting speed: high, spindle
bearing very high
Angular contact ball bearing
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
b. Angular Contact Bearings (AC)
Series: 72B, 73B
Suffixes:
MP solid window brass cage
TVP solid window polyamide cage
UA universal design, pairs have a
small axial clearance
UO universal design, pairs have a
zero clearance
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
b. Angular Contact Bearings (AC)
Radial load: good
Axial load: high in both direction
Alignment: very small
Limiting speed: high
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
b. Angular Contact Bearings-Double Row
Series: 32, 33 Contact Angle 35
32B, 33B Contact Angle 25
33DA Contact Angle 45
Suffixes:
M Machined Brass Cage
TVP Solid Window Polyamide Cage
.2RSR Two Rubber Seals
.2ZR Two Steel Shields
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
b. Angular Contact Bearings-Double Row
Radial load: small
Axial load: high in both directions
Alignment: very small
Limiting speed: medium to high
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
c. Four Point Ball Bearing

z
Series: QJ2, QJ3
Suffixes:
MPA Machined window-type brass
cage, outer ring guided
N2 Two retaining grooves
TVP Solid window-type cage of glass-
fibre reinforced polyamide
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
c. Four Point Ball Bearing

Radial load: small
Axial load: small
Alignment: approx. 4,
sealed types up to 1,5
Limiting speed: high
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
d. Self Aligning Ball Bearing

Series: 10, 12, 13, 22, 23, 112
Suffixes:
K Tapered Bore
M Machined Brass Cage
.2RS Two Rubber Seals
TV Solid Cage of glass-
fibre reinforced
polyamide
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
d. Self Aligning Ball Bearing

THANK YOU
END OF DAY ONE
Radial load: none
Axial load: high
Alignment: none
Limiting speed: medium

A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
e. Thrust Ball Bearing

Radial load: none
Axial load: high in
both directions
Alignment: none
Limiting speed:
medium
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
e. Thrust Ball Bearing-double row

Series: 511, 512, 513, 514, 532, 533,
522, 523, 542, 543
Suffixes:
M machined brass cage
MP machined window-type brass
cage
FP machined window-type steel
cage
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
e. Thrust Ball Bearing

Bearings have the same basic radial
construction as Conrad type. However, a
filling notch (loading groove) permits
more balls to be used.
Radial load capacity is 20 40% higher
than Conrad type
Thrust load capacity drops to 20% (2
directions) of radial load capacity.
Notch
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
f. Filling notch or maximum capacity Ball Bearing

Series: B719, B70, B72
HSS719, HSS70
Suffixes:
C Contact angle 15
E Contact angle 25
P4S Tolerance class P4S
T Solid window-type cage of
textile laminated phenolic resin
UL Universal design, pairs are lightly
preloaded
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
1- Ball Bearings
g. Spindle Bearing

Roller bearings have higher
load capacity than ball
bearings, load is transmitted
through line contact instead
of point contact.
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
a. Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Radial load: very high
Axial load: none, small when
bearings have lips
Alignment: very small, between 1
and 4
Limiting speed: high to very high
Remark: seperable, well suited for
floating bearings
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
a. Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Series: NU2E, NU3E, NU10, NU19, NU22E,
NU23E
Suffixes:
E Maximum capacity design
M, M1 Machined brass cage
TVP2 Solid window-type cage of
glass-fibre reinforced
polyamide
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
a. Cylindrical Roller Bearing

a
NUP N NJ u. HJ NU u. HJ NU NJ
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
a. Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Radial load: very high
Axial load: none, lips can
carry small thrust loads
Alignment: very low
Limiting speed: high to
very high
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
a1. Cylindrical Roller Bearing-double Row

Series: NN30, NNU49
Suffixes:
S Lubricating groove
K Tapered bore
M Machined brass cage
SP Tolerance class SP, bearing
clearance C1NA
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
a1. Cylindrical Roller Bearing-double Row

Radial load: none
Axial load: very high
Alignment: none
Limiting speed: low
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
a2. Cylindrical Thrust Roller Bearing
Series: 811, 812
Suffixes:
LPB Machined window-type cage
of light metal, shaft guided
MB Machined brass cage, shaft
guided
MPB Machined window-type brass
cage, shaft guided
TVPB, Machined window-type of TVPB1
glass-fibre reinforced
polyamide, shaft guided
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
a2. Cylindrical Thrust Roller Bearing
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
b. Needle Roller Bearing
Needle roller bearings are roller
bearings with cylindrical rollers
which are thin and long in relation
to their diameter. They are referred
to as needle rollers. In spite of their
low cross section the bearings have
a high load carrying capacity and
are thus extremely suitable for
bearing arrangements where radial
space is limited.
Designed to withstand high radial loads, high thrust loads, and
combined loads at moderate to high speeds. They can also
withstand repeated shock loads.
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
c. Taper Roller Bearing
Radial load: very high
Axial load: high in one
direction, matched in
both directions
Alignment: small 1 to 4
Limiting speed: medium
to high
Tapered roller bearing
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
c. Taper Roller Bearing
Series: 302, 303, 313, 320, 322, 323, 329, 330,
331, 332
Suffixes:
A Changed internal design
A...N11CA Axial clearance in m, two
X arranged bearings with
spacers between the cups
B Increased contact angle
X Outer dimensions adapted
to international standards
Tapered roller bearing
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
c. Taper Roller Bearing
Radial load: very high
Axial load: small
Alignment: very high, up to
4 (self Aliging)
Limiting speed: low to
medium
Barrel roller bearing
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
d. Barrel Roller Bearing
Barrel roller bearing
Series: 202, 203
Suffixes:
K Tapered bore
MB Machined brass cage, inner
ring guided
T Solid window-type cage of
glass-fibre reinforced
polyamide
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
d. Barrel Roller Bearing
Roller Bearings
Bearing design uses barrel
shaped rollers. Spherical
roller bearings combine very
high radial load capacity with
modest thrust load capacity
and excellent tolerance to
misalignment.
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
e. Spherical Roller Bearing
Radial load: very high
Axial load: good
Alignment: good,
between 0,5 to 2
Limiting speed: low
to medium
Spherical roller bearing
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
e. Spherical Roller Bearing
Spherical roller bearing
Series: 213, 222, 223, 230, 231, 232, 233, 239, 240, 241
Suffixes:
A, B Changed internal design
E Maximum capacity design
K Tapered bore
M Machined brass cage
MA Machined brass cage, outer ring guided
MB Machined brass cage, inner ring guided
TVPB Solid window-type cage of glass-fibre reinforced
polyamide, inner ring guided
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
e. Spherical Roller Bearing
Radial load: medium
Axial load: very high
Alignment: high, 1,5 to 2,5
Limiting speed: medium to
high, with oil lubrication
Thrust spherical roller bearing
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
e1. Spherical Thrust Roller Bearing
Thrust spherical roller bearing
Series: 292E, 293E, 294E
Suffixes:
E Maximum capacity design
MB Machined brass cage, shaft
guided
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
2- Roller Bearings
e1. Spherical Thrust Roller Bearing
Linear Bearings
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
3- Linear Bearings
Load runners (idler-rollers)
Roller
bearing cam
follower
Flanged V-Grooved
Spherical rod end
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
4- Miscellaneous Bearings
Bearings
Airframe control bearings designed to meet the specific needs
of the airframe industry, meets military and national standards.
Designed to carry heavy static
load and will also handle
oscillation or slow rotation.
Track rollers, withstand
heavy rolling loads.
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
4- Miscellaneous Bearings
Ball bearings are the less expensive choice in the smaller sizes and under
lighter loads, while roller bearings are less expensive for larger sizes and
heavier loads.
Roller bearings are more satisfactory under shock or impact loading than
ball bearings.
Ball-thrust bearings are for pure thrust loading only.
At high speeds, a deep-groove or angular-contact ball bearing usually will
be a better choice, even for pure thrust loads.
Self-aligning ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings have very low
friction coefficients.
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Summary:
The amount of initial radial clearance required in bearing depends mainly on
the fits and temperature gradient inside the bearing. Operational radial
clearance is almost always less than initial clearance.(Clearance indication
normally uses as suffix.
Normally terms for clearance are:
C1: radial clearance less than C2
C2: radial clearance less than Normal
CN: Normal radial clearance
C3: radial clearance greater than Normal
C4: radial clearance greater than C3
C5: radial clearance greater than C4

A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Bearing Clearance:
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Nomenclature Of Bearing:
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Nomenclature Of Bearing:
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Nomenclature Of Bearing:
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Nomenclature Of Bearing:
in beside box.
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Nomenclature Of Bearing:
AR- Ball or roller and cage assembly OR- Outer ring of radial bearing
GS
Housing washer of cylindrical roller thrust
bearing
R
Separable bearing without removable inner
or outer ring
IR- Inner ring of radial bearing W Deep groove ball bearing of stainless steel
K Cylindrical roller and cage thrust assembly WF
Deep groove ball bearing of stainless steel
with external flange on outer ring

K-
Inner ring with roller and cage assembly
(cone) or outer ring (cup) of a taper roller
bearing belonging to an ABMA standard
series and generally having inch dimensions
( being phase out)
WS
Shaft washer of a cylindrical roller thrust
bearing
L
Removable inner or outer ring of a
separable bearing
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Nomenclature Of Bearing:
Bearing Prefixes:
C
Deviating or modified internal design with same
boundary dimensions.
2RS2
RS1 contact seal on both sides of bearing.
CC
Two bearings arranged back to back or face-to-face will
have an axial internal clearance larger than normal
clearance(CB) before mounting.
RZ
Sheet steel reinforced low-friction seal of acrylonitrile-
butadiene rubber(NBR) on one side of bearing.

CL3
Inch taper roller bearing with tolerance to class 3
according to ANSI/ABMA Standard 19.2:1994
2RZ
RZ low-friction seal on both sides of bearing.
E
Deviating or modified internal design with same
boundary dimensions; usually indicates reinforced
rolling element .
K
Tapered bore, taper 1:12.
2RS
RS contact seal on both sides of bearing.
W
Without annular groove and lubrication holes in outer
ring.
RS1
Sheet steel reinforced contact seal of acrylonitrile-
butadiene rubber(NBR) on one side of bearing.
W33
Annular grooves and three lubrication holes in outer
ring.
2RS1
RS1 contact seal on both sides of bearing.
W33X
Annular grooves and six lubrication holes in outer ring.
RS1Z
NBR on one side and one shield on the other side of
bearing.
Z
Shield of pressed sheet steel on one side of bearing.
RS2
Sheet steel reinforced contact seal of fluoro rubber
(FKM)on one side of bearing.
2Z
Z shield on both side of bearing.
A- Rolling Contact Bearings
Nomenclature Of Bearing:
Bearing Suffixes:
Load is transferred through a lubricant in sliding contact.

B- Journal (Sleeve) Bearings
I. Bronze
II. White Metal
III. Cast Iron
IV. Sintered
V. Plastic
VI. Composite
These are the simplest types of bearings. They consist
of a plain hole in a part in which a shaft rotates. This
bearing is only effective with moderate speeds &
loads. Available material types for journal bearings
are:
B- Journal (Sleeve) Bearings
Low starting and operating friction.
Can support combined radial and thrust loads.
Less sensitive to interruptions of lubrication.
No self-excited instabilities.
Good low-temperature starting.
Can seal lubricant within bearing and lifetime-
lubricate.
Typically require less space in axial direction.
Roller Bearing Vs. Sliding Bearing
Advantages of Roller Bearing
May eventually fail from fatigue.
Require more space in radial direction.
Poor damping ability.
Higher noise level.
More severe alignment requirements.
Higher cost.
Higher friction (than hydrodynamic sliding).
Roller Bearing Vs. Sliding Bearing
Disadvantages of Roller Bearing
Bearing housings are an essential
requirement for safe operating and
enhancing the durability of any industrial
bearing. It is used basically to mount
bearings safely. The bearings housing
position the insert bearing and at the same
time support loads that are transferred
from the shaft through the bearing.
Bearing Housing
Bearings housings are easy to install and remove as
they are manufactured with flat mounting
surfaces.
Bearing housing helps in enhancing the overall
performance of the bearings.
Seals are attached on bearings housing which
prevent dust and other contaminants from
entering the housing, thereby protecting the
bearings.

Bearing Housing
Benefits of Bearing Housing:
Bearing Housing
Benefits of Bearing Housing:
The bearings housing provides a clean
environment for the bearings to rotate freely.
It helps in increasing bearings' performance,
durability and duty cycle. Housings provide for
proper lubrication.
Additional monitoring systems can also be
incorporated for hi-fi bearings housing.
They are ideal for light as well as heavy duty
applications
Bearing
Housing
1.Plummer
Block
Housing
2.Flanged
Housing
3.Take Up
Housing
Types Of Bearing Housing
Plummer Block housings ease to constitute bearing units by
using with self-aligning ball bearings or spherical roller bearings.
Wide range of sizes and congurations allows selection of
optimal housing.
Split Type One Piece Type
Types Of Bearing Housing
1- Plummer Block Bearings Housing:
Flanged housings of smaller sizes are triangular and the larger
sizes have a square shape. They can be used for self-aligning
ball bearings and spherical roller bearings. They can be used
for tapered bores on an adapter sleeve on smooth shafts.


Types Of Bearing Housing
2- Flanged Bearings Housing:
They require felt seals and grease
lubrication. They are made of gray
cast iron. Different types of flanged
ball bearings are used for mild and
harsh conditions.
THD take-up housings are specially designed for belt conveyors.
They can be used for:
spherical roller bearings in the 230, 231, 232 and 222 series.
CARB bearings in the C 30, C 31, C 32 and C 22 series.

Types Of Bearing Housing
3- Take Up Bearings Housing:
The housings are designed for
bearing arrangement type "Bearing
on adapter sleeve and smooth
shafts" with 50 to 400 mm
diameter