TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION

TO RESEARCH METHODS
AND EDUCATION
TUTORIAL WEEK 1
1. Contrast qualitative approach
with quantitative approach.
TUTORIAL WEEK 1
Similarities
Both methods of research widely used by
researchers
Both methods can be used to collect
accurate research that is not biased.
The researcher gets the utmost right
information.
Both methods ask questions though in
different ways to be able to arrive at the
desired answers.
Criteria Qualitative Research Quantitative
Research
Focus Quality (features) Quantity (how much,
numbers)
Purpose

To understand and
interpret social
interactions.

To test hypotheses,
look at cause &
effect,
& make predictions.
Philosophy Phenomenology Positivism
Method Ethnography/
observation
Experiments/
correlation
Differences
Criteria Qualitative Research Quantitative
Research
Goal Understand,
meaning
Prediction, test
hypothesis
Design

Flexible, emerging

Structured,
predetermined
Sample Small, purposeful Large, random,
representation
Data collection Interviews,
observation
documents, artefacts
Questionnaire,
scales, tests,
inventories
Criteria Qualitative Research Quantitative
Research
Analysis Inductive (by the
researcher)
Deductive (by
statistical methods)
Findings

Comprehensive,
description detailed,
holistic

Precise, numerical
Researcher Immersed Detached
Literature review Literature review
may be done as
study progresses or
afterwards
Questionnaire,
scales, tests,
inventories
1) LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION: AN
ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTERACTIVE LESSON

Identify the effects of language and
communication system during the
lesson.

Language & communication is a tool
through which researchers seek to
understand human behaviour, social
process and cultural meaning that
inscribe human behaviour.
2) INCORPORATING THE USE OF SONGS AND
RHYTHM IN LEARNING.


Cyclical method to identify how the
songs and rhythm could affect the
lesson.

Pupils behaviour and perceptions on the
songs and rhythm influence their
interpretations on the knowledge
delivered
EXAMPLE OF TOPIC
FOR
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
Based on a hypothesis created, researcher chooses
a group of students from a school randomly.

For example, researcher wants to know about the factors of
why students cannot master grammar.
Then, researcher will do the research on the group of
students chosen and finds the factors that can be generalized
to all the students in that school.
In this case, researcher prioritize the quantity of data such as
the percentage of the students chosen, the grammar items
that the students find the hardest.