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SURFACE TESTING
GAS CALCULATIONS
ELC,Melun
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Gas Calculations
Gas flowrate is calculated from the differential
pressure across the daniel orifice plate and static
pressure, as measured by the Barton Chart
Recorder.




h
w
= Differential Pressure (in. of H
2
0)
P
f
= Separator pressure (psia) measured
downstream of Plate
C = Numerical Constant



f w
P h C Q
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F
u
= Unit Conversion Factor
F
b
= Basic Orifice Factor
F
g
= Specific Gravity Factor
Y
2
= Expansion Factor
F
tf
= Flowing Temperature Factor
F
pv
= Supercompressibility Factor
Gas Calculations Numerical Constant
pv tf g b u
F F Y F F F C
2
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Gas Information Sheet
Explains basic theory behind
gas calculation
Lists main data about
metering devices. e.g.
Daniel Line Bore
Specific Gravity
Measurement
Shows selection of Fu to give
desired output units and
reference conditions

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Gas Calculations - Example
Values already marked on the
sheet come from the Well Testing
Reading Sheets
With Separator Static &
Differential Pressures being the
most important measurements
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Gas Calculations - Example
NOTE THE UNITS
Especially psia for P
Most of the factors have no units
The output units of
the gas rate come
from the choice of
Fu
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F
u
Unit Conversion Factor

Value depends on
the reference
conditions used
and the units of
gas rate desired
Normally reference
conditions are:
14.73 psi
60 degF


In this case we desire scf/day
Fu = 24
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Gas Calculations - Example
Note Number of Decimal Places Required
Also
- - - 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 1
Number of decimal places for Gas Rates depends
on how large rate is, and how we report it:
SCFD 0 dp
MSCFD 1 dp
MMSCFD 2dp
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Gas Calculations - Example
Start the calculations.
10 . 126 60 265
f w
P h
126.10
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Gas Calculations - Example
TABLES
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F
b
Basic Orifice Factor

Depends on:
Daniel Line Bore: ID
of the metering tube
Plate on side of
Daniel
Normally 5.761 in.

Orifice Diameter (in)



Fb = 455.03
D = 5.761
in
d = 1.5 in
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Gas Calculations - Example
TABLES
or EQUATION
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F
g
Specific Gravity Factor

Fg corrects the gas flow equation for
gas factors that have a s.g. not
equal to 1

Calculated by a simple equation


Or can be taken from the table.
(Interpolate values)
Fg = (1.1834+1.1818)/2 =
1.1826
s.g. =
0.715
. .
1
g s
Fg
Interpolate
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Gas Calculations - Example
TABLES or
GRAPH
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Y
2
Expansion Factor

Y2 takes into account the change in specific gravity of
the gas as its velocity and pressure change through
the orifice
Can be calculated from either:
Tables
Chart (very user unfriendly!)

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Into the table we input:




Dont try to interpolate the
table, just round to the
nearest 1 dp and use this
value
Y
2
Expansion Factor -
Tables

Y
2
= 1.0013
3 . 0 ~ 260 . 0
761 . 5
5 . 1

D
d

2 . 0 ~ 226 . 0
265
60

f
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P
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The chart is normally only used if we are outside the range of the
tables. To use:
Draw a line between Pf and hw using the parabolic axis.
There is a choice of scales so you must be consistent. i.e. if
reading Pf from the outer scale of the big parabola, you must
read hw from the outer scale of the big parabola.
Where this line intersects the horizontal axis, draw a line
vertically up.
From the horizontal axis, take the orifice diameter and go
vertically up until we hit the Line bore line, then horizontally
across.
From the intersection of the horizontal and vertical lines draw
a line to the reference point A and where this line intersects
the vertical axis we can read off Y
2
.


Y
2
Expansion Factor - Chart

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Y
2
Expansion Factor - Chart

Example
Pf = 180 psig
Hw = 260 in H
2
0
Line Bore = 4.026 in
Orifice Size = 2.125 in
hw = 260in
Pf = 180 psig
d = 2.125 in
Y
2
= 1.0083
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Gas Calculations - Example
TABLES or
EQUATION
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F
tf
Flowing Temperature Factor

F
tf
corrects the gas rate for
flowing temperatures that are
not 60 degF
Calculated by an equation




Or can be taken from the
table
F
tf
=0.9768
T
f
= 85
degF

degC 2 . 273
556 . 288
degF 460
520
f
f
tf
T
T
F

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Gas Calculations - Example
TABLES or
CHART
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F
pv
Supercompressibility Factor

F
pv
Corrects the gas flow rate for the fact that real
gases deviate from the ideal behavior as predicted by
Boyles law.
To calculate it we need:
Separator Static Pressure (psig)
Gas Specific Gravity
Flowing Temperature

Can be calculated from either:
Tables
Chart
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F
pv
Supercompressibility Factor Table (1)
Second table corrects this
F
pv
for the flowing
temperature
Input:
F
pv
T
f

Each heading is
inclusive to next higher
heading. Do not
interpolate
Fpv (uncorrected)

=
1.032
P
f
= 265 psia = 250
psig
sg = 0.715
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F
pv
Supercompressibility Factor Table (2)
First table calculates Fpv,
then we must correct
for temperature
Input:
Pf (psig)
s.g.
Each heading is
inclusive to next higher
heading. Do not
interpolate

F
pv
= 1.027
F
pv
= 1.032 psig
T
f
= 85 degF
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The chart is normally only used if we are outside the range of the tables.
To use:
1. Left Hand Chart bottom axis - Flowing Temperature go
vertically upwards
2. Intersect with specific gravity line and go horizontally into Right
Hand Chart
3. Intersection of this line with Separator Pressure (psig) from
bottom axis gives F
pv
@ 60 degF
F
pv
Supercompressibility Factor Chart
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F
pv
Supercompressibility Factor Chart
Example:
Pf = 250 psig
Tf = 85 degF
Sg = 0.715
85 degF
250 psig
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Gas Calculations - Example
C = F
u
.F
b
.F
g
.Y
2
.F
tf
.F
pv

= 24 x 455.03 x 1.1826 x 1.0013 x 0.9768 x 1.0270
= 12972.9
12972.9
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Gas Calculations - Example
12972.9
Q
gas
= C.(hw.Pf)
1/2


= 12972.9 x 126.10
= 1635882.7 SCFD
= 1.64 MMSCFD
1.64
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Gas Calculations - Example
12972.9 1.64
Cumul. = 1.64 /1440 x 15
= 0.0170 MMSCF
= 17.0 MSCF
17.0
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Gas Calculations - Example
The remaining lines can then be completed in
the same way.
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Gas Calculations - Example
The remaining lines can then be completed in
the same way.
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Gas Calculations - Example
The remaining lines can then be completed in
the same way.
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Gas Calculations - Example
The remaining lines can then be completed in
the same way.
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Gas Calculations - Example
The remaining lines can then be completed in
the same way.
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Gas Calculations - Example
The remaining lines can then be completed in
the same way.
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THE END