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The chi-square test is a statistical test that can be used to determine whether observed frequencies are significantly different from expected frequencies. The test is based on the theory of Mendel crossing of peas. Out of 560 peas, 310 were smooth yellow, 100 were wrinkled yellow, 110 were smooth green and 40 were wrinkled green.
The chi-square test is a statistical test that can be used to determine whether observed frequencies are significantly different from expected frequencies. The test is based on the theory of Mendel crossing of peas. Out of 560 peas, 310 were smooth yellow, 100 were wrinkled yellow, 110 were smooth green and 40 were wrinkled green.
The chi-square test is a statistical test that can be used to determine whether observed frequencies are significantly different from expected frequencies. The test is based on the theory of Mendel crossing of peas. Out of 560 peas, 310 were smooth yellow, 100 were wrinkled yellow, 110 were smooth green and 40 were wrinkled green.
in the spring of 1900, an auspicious beginning to a
wonderful century for the field of statistics."
-B. Efron, The Statistical Century
The chi-square test is a statistical test that can be used to determine whether observed frequencies are significantly different from expected frequencies. 1. Test of Goodness-of-fit 2. Test of Homogeneity 3. Test of Independence
Formula:
X 2 = ( O E ) 2
E
Where:
X 2 = the chi-square test O = the observed frequencies E = the expected frequencies
Formula:
X 2 = N (ad bc ) 2
klmn
Where:
X 2 = the chi-square test N = grand total klmn = the product of the rows and columns Formula:
X 2 = ( O E ) 2
E Where:
X 2 = the chi-square test O = the observed frequencies E = the expected frequencies = summation
The Chi-Square Test of Goodness-of-Fit
Example:
The theory of Mendel crossing of peas is in the ratio of 9:3:3:1, meaning 9 parts are smooth yellow, 3 parts smooth green, 3 parts wrinkled yellow and 1 part wrinkled green. The researcher conducted an experiment and the result was that out of 560 peas, 310 were smooth yellow, 100 were wrinkled yellow, 110 were smooth green and 40 were wrinkled green. Is there a significant difference between the observed and the expected frequencies? Problem: Is there a significant difference between the observed and the expected frequencies?
Hypothesis: H 1 : There is a significant difference between the observed and the expected frequencies.
Example: To illustrate this, we can evaluate the attitude of a sample of Lakas and Laban parties on the issue of peace and order in Mindanao. To carry out such study, a separate random sample of members of each party is drawn from the nationwide population of Laban and Lakas and each individual in both samples responds to the scale. Scores are the classified into Favorable or Unfavorable categories. Is there a significant difference between the attitudes of two political parties on the issue of peace and order in Mindanao?
Problem: Is there a significant difference between the attitudes of two political parties on the issue of peace and order in Mindanao?
Hypothesis: H 1 : There is a significant difference between the attitudes of two political parties on the issue of peace and order in Mindanao.
Level of Significance: 0.05
Tabular value : 3.841
The following frequencies are obtained:
Favorable Unfavorable Total
Lakas 65 35 100 k
a b
Laban 50 50 100 l
c d _________________________________________________________
Total 115 85 200
m n N _________________________________________________________ Statistics: X 2 = N (ad bc ) 2
klmn
= 200 [(65)(50) - (35)(50)] 2
(100)(100)(115)(85)
= 200[ 3250 - 1750 ] 2
97750000
= 200(1500) 2
97750000
= 450000000 97750000
= 4.604
The Chi-Square Test of Independence
Example:
90 individuals, male and female, were given a test in psychomotor skills and their scores were classified into high and low. Is there a significant relationship between sex and scores in psychomotor skills?
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