SEMINAR REPORT ON

INTRODUCTION TO HYDROSTATIC JOURNAL

BEARING WITH COAXIAL FLOATING SLEEVE
A NEW CONCEPT

Submitted by :- Guided by :-
# WHY NEED TO APPLY THIS NEW CONCEPT ?

(a) Today market demand

- high productivity,
- high power and high speed range m/c tools.

(b) Current available speed only 40-50 k-rpm at 40kw power but
some manufacture ask for 100 k-rpm.

(c) We can not achieve 100 k-rpm with

- ball bearing
- conventional hydrostatic bearing
# TYPES OF BEARING:

(1) ROLLING CONTACT BEARING

(a) Basic four elements – inner and outer race,
rolling element like ball and roller,
cage.
(b) Classification.
(c) Antifriction bearing.
(d) It is more noisy, low resistance to shock, wear of the balls,
not suitable for high load and high rpm.

(2) HYDRODYNAMIC BEARING

(a) It having thick film between journal and bearing.
(b) Load carrying by pressure without any actual contact
between journal and bearing.
(c) Used for high speed and low load.
(3) HYDROSTATIC BEARING
(a) Load is supported by fluid film
(b) Lubricant supply under the pressure – externally
pressurized bearing.
(c) Advantage – high load, even low speed.
no starting friction.
no rubbing action.
(d) Application – used in turbo generator and centrifuge.

(4)FLOATING BEARING
(a) Floating sleeve located between the journal and bearing
surface.
(b) Operated at wide range speed for shaft.
(c) Used in turbines and compressors.
(5) SQUEEZE FILM JOURNAL
BEARING
(a) Suitable for oscillate or rotate
slowly instruments.
(b) Sufficient capacity to carry dynamic
load.

Difference between conventional

bearing and full-floating bearing
# MAGIC OF COAXIAL FLOATING SLEEVE:

(1) For high speed/power use –In bearing putting sleeve between
shaft and housing so splitting total relative speed in two
contribution.

(2) Hydrostatic bearing keep all advantage – contactless, no wear

phenomenon, no maintenence required.

Source of friction is only viscosity of lifting fluid.

(3) Sleeve saving half of the friction power because of relation for
friction power and relative speed is quadratic.
 (4) Because of sleeve improved damping performance because of
reduce the stiffness characteristics.

(5) Disadvantage of high cost compensate by -High productivity,

-Less maintenance,
-New market
opportunities,
due to high
speed
capacity.

(6) We have to focus on radial expansion when working with 100

k-rpm. Because of neglecting centrifugal deformation prevent
to reach at request performance
# THE RIGID MODEL:

The model is based on the following hypothesis:

(a) the viscosity of the lifting fluid does not depend on temperature,
(b) fluid viscosity has a constant value inside each of the two
clearances,
(c) there is no slip of the fluid at the walls,
(d) the lifting fluid is uncompressible; corrections on this hypothesis
are required when using air or gas.
(e) laminar flow: velocity profile across the clearances is linear and
shear stress is constant.
(f) local effects of curvature on fluid flows are neglected as the gap
height is negligible with respect to its radius.
(g) all eccentricities e are zero.

If torque T1 and T2 acting on opposite surface of floating elements

are force equal So by intergrating the viscous shear stress τ over
the whole bearing friction areas S:

S = NP.Af = NP.(AP –3/4AR) Np = no. of pads

T1 =∫ S1 R1.τ 1.dS, Af = pad friction area
T2 =∫ S2 R2.τ 2.dS, Ap = area of single pad
Ar = area of recess
According to hypothesis (e), considering the viscous shear stress in
COUETTE FLOW
τ = ( υ µ) / h = (µ∆ ω .R)/h

So the expressions of the viscous torques can be rewritten as follows:

T1= (µ1 (R1)2 S1 (ω 1 - ω 2))/h1
T2= (µ2 ( R2)2 S2 ω 2)/h2

Now, take T1 = T2, the angular speed ratio ω 1/ω 2 can be written as
(ω 1 / ω 2) = 1 + [(µ2 / µ1) (Af2 /Af1) (h1/h2) (R1/R2)2]

Since the shaft speed is the independent parameter, speed ratio is

expressed as Ω = ω 2/ω 1.
# EXPERIMENTAL RESULT:

(1) Experimental data available for hydrostatic bearing with

floating coaxial bush:

 Shaft supported by two bearing having 30mm dia. and 4

pads, and external bearing are 39mm dia and 4 pads.

 Height of h1 and h2 are 17µ m and 32µ m, working fluid 5cts

oil, pressure is 5.5 MPa


Tested up to 50000 rpm.
 # THE DEFORMABLE BEARING:

(1) In high speed range bearing, due centrifugal force produce the
radial expansion which cannot be neglected.

(2) In figure we can see the FEM analysis.

 (3) Radial expansion for any speed obtain from ∆ R - ω
diagram and that convert in parabolic polynomial use to be
input to matlab program.
(4) Calculation of speed ratio is not linear problem because of
ω 2 depends on clearance height.
unlinear problem solve by step integration if ω 1(t) and ω 2(t) time
step, ω 1 is angular speed then next time step (t + ∆ t)
ω 2(t + ∆ t)= ω 2(t) + [(T1(t)-T2(t)) ∆ t]/J

From the graph

Angular speed – time.
We see behavior of rigid
and deformable bearing.
# RESULT AND ANALYSIS:

Ideal speed ratio is 0.5, but we cannot achieve. Why?

(1) Minor change in height, viscosity and bearing

diameter can be change the performance.

(2) Viscosity is affected by temperature – as warm oil

flows across the sills. For 1 cst oil we get the
difference in speed ratio 0.4 to 0.33

(3) Value of ω for rigid model we take constant for all

working speed.
 (4) As per hypothesis (g) we take eccentricity zero but in real
condition it never become true.

(5) Clearance height no longer constant. It become a function of

angular coordinate h = h(θ ).

(6) From the graph,

Speed ratio- shaft speed
we get the performance
under different conditions.

From bottom
1. Experimental.
2. Low tolerance limit.
3. Numerical deformable.
4. Numerical rigid.
5. High tolerance limit.
# FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND CONCLUSION:

(1) Main consult with height of clearance (h) and viscosity (µ ) for
further design improvement in full floating hydro-static
bearing.

(2) All ball bearing replaced with this one – but very careful
finishing and closed tolerance is required.

(3) Floating sleeve used only when rotating speed becomes nearly
half the one of the shaft means speed ratio (Ω ) is equal to 0.5

(4) Result from proposed method shown good accordance with

experimental data.
# REFREENCES:

(1) A Textbook of Machine Design by R.S.Khurmi and J. K.

Gupta (S. CHAND)
(2) Design of Machine Elements by V.B.Bhandari (TATA
McGRAW HILL)
(3) Hydraulics and Fluid Michanics by Dr.P.N.Modi and
Dr.S.M.Seth. A standard book of house
(4) Ambrosoni, L., Poli, M., 2002. Theory and experimental
tests on a free-floating journal bearing. In: 3rd AIMETA
International Tribology Conference, Vietri, Italy.
(5) Bassani, R., Piccigallo, B., 1992. Hydrostatic
Lubrication. Elsevier, London.
(6) Powell, J.W., 1970. Design of Aerostatic Bearings. The
Machinery Publishing Co.Ltd., London.
(7) Luca ambrosoni, Mario poli, Insitute of Industrial
Technology and Automation,Italian National Research
Council,Viale Lombradia,201A,20131 Milano,Italy
THANK YOU