Less 02 Performance-Tuining Oracle1g

Copyright 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Basic Tuning Tools

Copyright 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 2
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
View the top wait events to determine the highest wait
View the time model to diagnose performance issues
Use dynamic performance views to view statistics and wait
events
Use Enterprise Manager Monitoring
Identify the key tuning components of the alert logs
Identify the key tuning components of user trace files
Performance Tuning Diagnostics
Diagnostic tools gather and format the following types of
performance data:
Cumulative statistics:
Wait events with time information
Time model
Metrics: Statistic rates
Sampled statistics: Active Session History
Statistics by session
Statistics by SQL
Statistics by service
Other dimensions
Performance Tuning Tools
Available tools:
Basic:
Time model
Top wait events
Dynamic performance views and tables
Alert log
Trace files
Enterprise Manager pages
Add-in: Statspack
Options:
Diagnostics pack
Tuning pack
Tuning Objectives
The objectives of tuning are:
Minimizing response time
Increasing throughput
Increasing load capabilities
Decreasing recovery time
Top Wait Events
DB Time
DB Time =

DB Wait Time +

DB CPU Time
CPU and Wait Time Tuning Dimensions
Scalable
application
Possibly
needs SQL
tuning
Needs
instance/RAC
tuning
CPU
time
Wait
time
No gain
achieved
by adding
CPUs/nodes
DB time = DB CPU time + DB wait time
Time Model: Overview
The time model is a set of statistics that give an overview of
where time is spent inside the Oracle database.
All statistics use the same dimension: time.
The statistics are accessible through:
V$SYS_TIME_MODEL
V$SESS_TIME_MODEL
DB time represents the total
time spent in database calls.
A tuning goal is to reduce DB time.
Using DB time, you can gauge the performance impact of
any entity of the database.
SQL
Parse
DB time
Time Model Statistics Hierarchy
Failed parse (out of shared memory) elapsed time
DB time
DB CPU
Connection management call elapsed time
Sequence load elapsed time
SQL execute elapsed time
Parse time elapsed
Hard parse elapsed time
Hard parse (sharing criteria) elapsed time
Hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed time
Failed parse elapsed time
PL/SQL execution elapsed time
Inbound PL/SQL RPC elapsed time
PL/SQL compilation elapsed time
Java execution elapsed time
Repeated bind elapsed time
Background elapsed time
Background CPU time
RMAN CPU time
(backup/restore)
Time Model Example
Dynamic Performance Views
Dynamic performance views
provide access to information
about changing states and
conditions in the instance.
Session data
Wait events
Memory allocations
Running SQL
UNDO usage
Open cursors
Redo log usage
And so on
Oracle instance
Dynamic Performance Views:
Usage Examples
SQL> SELECT sql_text, executions
2 FROM v$sqlstats
3 WHERE cpu_time > 200000;
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$session
2 WHERE machine = 'EDRSR9P1' and
3 logon_time > SYSDATE - 1;
SQL> SELECT sid, ctime
2 FROM v$lock WHERE block > 0;
a
b
c
Dynamic Performance Views: Considerations
These views are owned by SYS.
Different views are available at different times:
The instance has been started.
The database is mounted.
The database is open.
You can query V$FIXED_TABLE to see all the view names.
These views are often referred to as v-dollar views.
Read consistency is not guaranteed on these views because
the data is dynamic.
Statistic Levels
STATISTICS_LEVEL
BASIC TYPICAL ALL
Recommended
default value
Additional statistics
for manual
SQL diagnostics
Disable all
self-tuning
capabilities
V$STATISTICS_LEVEL
Statistics and Wait Events
Statistics
Wait events
Reports
Dynamic
performance
views
System Statistic Classes
Cache
Debug
RAC
SQL
Redo
User
Enqueue
OS
V$SYSSTAT
V$SESSTAT V$STATNAME
System
statistic
classes
Displaying Statistics
Statistics are collected for:
Sessions
All sessions V$SESSTAT
Current session V$MYSTAT
Services V$SERVICE_STATS
System V$SYSSTAT
Displaying SGA Statistics
NAME BYTES RES
-------------------------------- ---------- ---
Fixed SGA Size 1303132 No
Redo Buffers 17780736 No
Buffer Cache Size 50331648 Yes
Shared Pool Size 142606336 Yes
Large Pool Size 4194304 Yes
Java Pool Size 12582912 Yes
Streams Pool Size 0 Yes
Shared IO Pool Size 0 Yes
Granule Size 4194304 No
Maximum SGA Size 836976640 No
Startup overhead in Shared Pool 41943040 No
Free SGA Memory Available 608174080
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$SGAINFO;
Wait Events
A collection of wait events provides information about the
sessions that had to wait or must wait for different reasons.
These events are listed in the V$EVENT_NAME view, which
has the following columns:
EVENT#
NAME
PARAMETER1
PARAMETER2
PARAMETER3
Wait
Using the V$EVENT_NAME View
NAME PARAMETER1 PARAMETER2 PARAMETER3
------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
PL/SQL lock timer duration
alter system set mts_dispatcher waited
buffer busy waits file# block# id
library cache pin handle addr pin address 0*mode+name
log buffer space
log file switch (checkpoint incomplete)
transaction undo seg# wrap# count
...
961 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT name, parameter1, parameter2, parameter3
2 FROM v$event_name;
Wait Classes
Scheduler
Cluster
Configuration
Commit
Application
Administrative
Network
User I/O
Concurrency
System I/O
Other
Idle
Background
processes I/O
Foreground
processes I/O
DBA
commands
Should be
rare
Inadequate database/
instance configuration
Resource manager
RAC
resources
User
application
code
Inactive
sessions
Network
messaging
log file sync
Internal database resources
V$SESSION_WAIT_CLASS
V$SERVICE_WAIT_CLASS
V$SYSTEM_WAIT_CLASS
V$EVENT_NAME
Wait
classes
Displaying Wait Event Statistics
Wait event statistics levels:
System
Service
Session
Wait event statistics columns
vary by view.
V$SERVICE_EVENT
V$SYSTEM_EVENT
V$SESSION_EVENT
EVENT X X X
TOTAL_WAITS X X X
TOTAL TIMEOUTS X X X
TIME_WAITED X X X
AVERAGE_WAIT X X X
TIME_WAITED_MICRO X X X
EVENT_ID X X X
TOTAL_WAIT_FG X
TOTAL_TIMEOUTS_FG X
TIME_WAITED_FG X
AVERAGE_WAIT_FG X
TIME_WAITED_MICRO_FG X
SID X
SERVICE_NAME X
SERVICE_NAME_HASH X
WAIT_CLASS_ID X X
WAIT_CLASS# X X
WAIT_CLASS X X
Commonly Observed Wait Events
Wait Event Area
Buffer busy waits Buffer cache, DBWR
Free buffer waits Buffer cache, DBWR, I/O
Db file scattered read,
Db file sequential read
I/O, SQL Tuning
Enqueue waits (enq:) Locks
Library cache waits Latches
Log buffer space Log buffer I/O
Log file sync Over-commit, I/O
Using the V$SESSION_WAIT View
SID SEQ# EVENT WAIT STATE
TIME
--- - -- ---- --------------------------------
-------
1 1284 pmon timer 0 WAITING
2 1697 rdbms ipc message 0 WAITING
5 114 smon timer 0 WAITING
6 14 SQL*Net message from client -1 WAITED
SHORT
TIME
SQL> SELECT sid, seq#, event, wait_time, state
2 FROM v$session_wait;
Precision of System Statistics
Views that include microsecond timings:
V$SESSION_WAIT, V$SYSTEM_EVENT,
V$SERVICE_EVENT,
V$SESSION_EVENT (TIME_WAITED_MICRO column)
V$SQL, V$SQLAREA (CPU_TIME, ELAPSED_TIME
columns)
V$LATCH, V$LATCH_PARENT, V$LATCH_CHILDREN
(WAIT_TIME column)
V$SQL_WORKAREA, V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
(ACTIVE_TIME column)
Views that include millisecond timings:
V$ENQUEUE_STAT (CUM_WAIT_TIME column)
Using Features of the Packs
SQL traces
Statspack
System statistics
Wait model
Time model
OS statistics
Metrics
Service statistics
Histograms
Optimizer statistics
SQL statistics
Monitoring and tuning
with packs
Monitoring and tuning
without packs
Database Configuration
Management Pack
Database and Host Configuration
Deployments
Patch Database and View Patch Cache
Patch staging
Clone Database
Clone Oracle Home
Search configuration
Compare configuration
Policies
Database Diagnostics Pack
Automatic Workload Repository
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
Active Session History (ASH)
Performance monitoring (database and host)
Event notifications: notification methods, rules, and schedules
Event history and metric history (database and host)
Blackouts
Dynamic metric baselines
Monitoring templates
Database Tuning Pack
SQL Access Advisor
SQL Tuning Advisor
Automatic SQL Tuning
SQL Tuning Sets
Automatic Plan Evolution
of SQL Plan Management
SQL Monitoring
Reorganize objects
Accessing the Database Home Page
https://host name:1158/em
Enterprise Manager Performance Pages
Viewing the Alert Log
Database Home page > Related Links region >
Alert Log Contents
Using Alert Log Information
as an Aid in Tuning
The alert log file contains the following information that can be
used to aid in tuning the database:
Time to perform archiving
Instance recovery start and complete times
Deadlock and timeout errors
Incomplete checkpoints
Checkpoint start and end times
User Trace Files
Server-process tracing can be enabled or disabled at the
session or instance level.
A user trace file contains statistics for traced SQL
statements in that session.
User trace files are created on a per server process basis.
User trace files can also be created by:
Performing a BACKUP CONTROL FILE TO TRACE
Process errors
Background Processes Trace Files
The Oracle database server dumps information about errors
detected by any background process into trace files.
Oracle Support uses these trace files to diagnose
and troubleshoot.
These files do not usually contain tuning information.
Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
View the top wait events to determine highest wait
View the time model to diagnose performance issues
Use dynamic performance views to view statistics and wait
events
Use Enterprise Manager Monitoring
Identify the key tuning components of the alert logs
Identify the key tuning components of user trace files
Practice 2 Overview:
Using Basic Tools
This practice covers the following topics:
View the top waits events and the time model
Use the alert log information for tuning
View system statistics
View wait events

Less 02 Performance-Tuining Oracle1g

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Copyright 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Basic Tuning Tools

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