1.

1 ANGLES
An angle consists of two rays in a
plane with a common endpoint. The
two rays are called the sides of the
angle, and the common endpoint is
called the vertex.
The degree is a unit of measurement for
angles. There are 360 degrees in a
circle. A half circle has 180 and a right
angle has 90.

1.2 DEGREE OF MEASURE
If an angle has measure greater than
0 and less than 90, then it is called
an acute angle.
If an angle has measure greater than
90and less than 180, then it is
called an obtuse angle.
If an angle has measure equal to 90,
then it is called a right angle.
An angle that has measure equal to
180 is called a straight angle.
If the sum of the measures of two
positive angles is 90, then the angles
are called complementary angles.
If the sum of the measures of two
positive angles is 180, then the angles
are called supplementary angles.
1.2 DEGREE OF MEASURE
Finding an Angle in a Right Angled Triangle
We can find an unknown angle in a right-angled
triangle, as long as we know the lengths of two of its
sides. Example, 5ft ladder leans against a wall as
shown. What is the angle between the ladder and the
wall?



The answer is to use "SOHCAHTOA"
and find the names of the two sides you know
Adjacent is adjacent to the angle,
Opposite is opposite the angle,
and the longest side is the Hypotenuse.




6
45-45-90 Special Right Triangle
In a triangle 45-45-90 , the hypotenuse is times as long as a
leg.
2
2
45
45
Hypotenuse
X
X
X
Leg
Leg
Example:
45
45
5 cm
5 cm
5 cm
2
Right Triangle
7
30-60-90 Special Right Triangle
In a triangle 30-60-90 , the hypotenuse is twice as long
as the shorter leg, and the longer leg is times as
long as the shorter leg.
30
60
Hypotenuse
3
X
2X
X
Longer Leg
Shorter Leg
Example:
30
60
10 cm
5 cm
3
5 cm 3
Right Triangle
Example: Find the value of a and b.
60
7 cm
a
b
Step 1: Find the missing angle measure.
30
30
Step 2: Decide which special right triangle applies.
30-60-90
Step 3: Match the 30-60-90 pattern with the problem.
30
60
x
2x
3 x
a =
cm
b = 14
cm
Step 5: Solve for a and b
7 3
Step 4: From the pattern, we know that x = 7 , b = 2x, and a = x . 3
Example: Find the value of a and b.
2
45
7 cm
a
b
Step 1: Find the missing angle measure. 45
45
Step 2: Decide which special right triangle applies. 45-45-90
Step 3: Match the 45-45-90 pattern with the problem.
45
45
x
x
x
Step 4: From the pattern, we know that x = 7 , a = x, and b = x .
a = 7 cm
b = 7
cm
Step 5: Solve for a and b
2
2
2
When a person looks at something above his/her
location, the angle between the line of sight and the
horizontal is called the angle of elevation. In this case,
the line of sight is "elevated" above the horizontal.
Eye
Object
Angle of Elevation & Angle of Depression
When a person looks at something below his or her
location, the angle between the line of sight and the
horizontal is called the angle of depression. In this
case, the line of sight is "depressed" below the
horizontal.

Eye
Object
Angle of Elevation & Angle of Depression
A stands at the window of a
so that his are 12.6 m above the
level ground in the vicinity of the

An object is 58.5 m away from the
on a line directly beneath the

Find the angle of depression of the
person's line of sight to the object on the
ground.
Angle of Elevation & Angle of Depression
Solutions
= angle of depression

12.6
tan
58.5

eye
1
2
.
6
m

Ground level
object
58.5m


1 12.6
tan
58.5

12.15

FIND THE HEIGHT OF THE TOWER
80
53m
Exercise 2
Height of tower
= 53 tan 80
= 300.6m
Exercise 1
Calculate the angle of elevation of the line of sight of a
person whose eye is 1.7 m above the ground, and is
looking at the top of a tree which is 27.5 m away on
level ground and 18.6 m high.
16.9
tan
27.5


1 16.9
tan
27.5

31.57
Angle of elevation of this person line of
sight is 31.57
Angle of depression
100m
h
Find the height of the man in the
hot air balloon from the ground.
= 50
h =100 tan 50
= 119.2m
2. RIGHT TRIANGLE
3.1 Oblique Triangles and the Law of Sines
A triangle that is not a right triangle is called an oblique
triangle. We can solve oblique triangles using the Law of
Sines and the Law of Cosines.
Law of Sine
1. Two angles and any side (AAS or ASA)
2. Two sides and an angle opposite one of
them (SSA)
Law of Cosine
3. Three sides (SSS)
4. Two sides and their included angle (SAS)
Law of Sines and Cosines
Example 1
Triangle in figure, C = 102, B = 29, and b = 28 feet.
Find the remaining angle and sides.

Given Two Angles and One SideAAS
The third angle of the
triangle is
A = 180 B C
= 180 29 102
= 49

Law of Sine

What law should be applied?

Solution:
Angle properties of triangles
We already know that the
angles in a triangle add up
to 180. Angles on a straight
line also add up to 180.

Example 1
Find the value of a
Find the value of c
Example 2
For the triangle in Figure, a = 22 inches, b = 12 inches,
and A = 42. Find the remaining side and angles.

Given Two Sides and One AngleSSA
Law of Sine

What law should be applied?
Find the value of B
Example 2
For the triangle in Figure, a = 22 inches, b = 12 inches,
and A = 42. Find the remaining side and angles.

Given Two Sides and One AngleSSA
Now, you can determine that
C = 180 42 21.41
= 116.59
Then, Find the value of c
Sometimes the sine law is not enough to
help us solve for a non-right
angled triangle.
For example:
C
B
A
a
14
18
30
0

In the triangle shown, we do not have enough information
to use the sine law. It only provided the following
C B
a
sin
18
sin
14
30 sin
0

Where there are too many unknowns.
For this reason we derive another useful result, known as the
COSINE RULE. The Cosine Rule maybe used when:
a. Two sides and an included angle are given.
b. Three sides are given
B
C
A
a
b
c
C
B
A
a
c
To find the length of a side
a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
- 2bc cos A
b
2
= a
2
+ c
2
- 2ac cos B
c
2
= a
2
+ b
2
- 2ab cos C
To find an angle when given all three sides.

bc
a c b
A
2
cos
2 2 2

ac
b c a
B
2
cos
2 2 2

ab
c b a
C
2
cos
2 2 2

Example 3
Find the three angles of the triangle in figure

Three Sides of a TriangleSSS
Solution:
First find the angle opposite the
longest sideside b in this case.
Using the alternative form of the
Law of Cosines, you find that
Law of Cosine

What law should be applied?

Example 3
You know that A must be acute
because B is obtuse, and a
triangle can have, at most, one
obtuse angle.
So, A = 22.08
and
C = 180 22.08 116.80
= 41.12