Presented By :

Abhishek Kumar Singh

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 Introduction
 Lie Detector
 Polygraph Machine
 Using A Lie Detector
 Scientific Validity
 Application
 Limitation
 Conclusion

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 Lie is a type of deception in form of untruthful statement,
especially with intention to deceive others.
 Lie detection is the practice of determining whether
someone is lying.
 Lie detector is controversial topic that how can a
machine tell truth?

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 Do not detect lies.
 Detect deceptive behaviour only.
 Polygraphs are commonly called Lie Detectors.

Fig: Lie Detection

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 Lie detection commonly involves the polygraph.
 Detects changes in body functions not easily controlled
by the conscious mind.

Fig: Polygraph Test

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 Can be built in few seconds.
 Not sophisticated as professionals use.
 Measures skin resistance ,which goes down on lying.

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Fig: Circuit Diagram

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 Circuit works on fact that a person's skin resistance
changes when they sweat .
 Dry skin has R=1 million ohms, moist skin resistance is
reduced by a factor of ten or more.

Fig: Circuit Diagram

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 Oscilloscope shows the variation of skin resistance versus
time.
 One electrode is taped to the palm of each hand.
 Variations in skin resistance varies current in the circuit.

Fig: oscilloscope as a Lie Detector

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 Used to find the truth or falsity of statements.
 Answers of control questions and actual questions are
compared.
 When people lie they get measurably nervous about
lying.

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 Invented by James Mackenzie in 1902.
 The name is polygraph because it records different responses.
 Monitors physiological activities:
• Respiratory rate
• B.P./ Heart rate
• GSR

Fig: Polygraph Machine

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Fig: Graph Showing Different Measures
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Fig : Block diagram
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 Validity mean accuracy of the test in detecting
deception.
 Polygraphs are dependent on trickery.
 Should give equivalent outcomes when subjects are
retested. But its not true.
 Its validity is not scientifically established.
 So It is not 100% accurate.

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 In police departments, and state governments, and
numerous private agencies.
 Can use by truthful persons.
 Against doping in games.
 In future, you may go through polygraph exam before
being hired for job.
 T.V. shows are using it.

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 Habitual liar can easily pass this test.
 The test depends on trickery, not on science.
 It is completely without any theoretical foundation.
 However, Used in police interrogation and investigation
since 1924, the lie detector is still controversial among
psychologists, and is not always judicially acceptable.

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 Has become a cultural icon.
 Being used from many years.
 But has various applications.
 The test depends on trickery, not science.
 So it is not 100% judicable.

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