Socket

The combination of an IP address and a port number. (RFC 793 ,original

TCP specification)
The name of the Berkeley-derived application programming interfaces
(APIs) for applications using TCP/IP protocols.
Two types
Stream socket : reliable two-way connected communication streams
Datagram socket

Socket pair
Specified the two end points that uniquely identifies each TCP connection
in an internet.
4-tuple: (client IP address, client port number, server IP address, server
port number)

Implementation of a protocol standard defined in an RFC. (FTP, HTTP,
SMTP)
Conform to the rules dictated by the RFC.
Should use the port number associated with the protocol.

Proprietary client-server application.
A single developer( or team) creates both client and server program.
The developer has complete control.
Must be careful not to use one of the well-known port number defined in
the RFCs.

* well-known port number : managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority(IANA)
Figure 2.6-1: Processes communicating through TCP sockets
The application developer has the ability to fix a few TCP parameters,
such as maximum buffer and maximum segment sizes.
Server
Welcoming socket
Welcomes some initial contact from a client.
Connection socket
Is created at initial contact of client.
New socket that is dedicated to the particular client.

Client
Client socket
Initiate a TCP connection to the server by creating a socket object.
(Three-way handshake)
Specify the address of the server process, namely, the IP address of
the server and the port number of the process.

socket (): Create a socket
bind(): bind a socket to a local IP address and port #
listen(): passively waiting for connections
connect(): initiating connection to another socket
accept(): accept a new connection
Write(): write data to a socket
Read(): read data from a socket
sendto(): send a datagram to another UDP socket
recvfrom(): read a datagram from a UDP socket
close(): close a socket (tear down the connection)
Figure 2.6-2: Client socket, welcoming socket and connection socket
TCP service: reliable byte stream transfer
process
TCP with
buffers,
variables
socket
controlled by
application
developer
controlled by
operating
system
process
TCP with
buffers,
variables
socket
internet
client
server
socket( )
bind( )
connect( )
socket( )
bind( )
listen( )
accept( )
send( )
recv( )
close( )
close( )
recv( )
send( )
TCP conn. request
TCP ACK
Example client-server app:
client reads line from standard
input (inFromUser stream) ,
sends to server via socket
(outToServer stream)
server reads line from socket
server converts line to
uppercase, sends back to client
client reads, prints modified
line from socket
(inFromServer stream)
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keyboard monitor
Process
clientSocket
input
stream
input
stream
output
stream
TCP
socket
Input stream:
sequence of bytes
into process
output stream:
sequence of bytes
out of process
Client
process
client TCP
socket
wait for incoming
connection request
connectionSocket =
welcomeSocket.accept()
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()
create socket,
connect to hostid, port=x
clientSocket =
Socket()
close
connectionSocket
read reply from
clientSocket
close
clientSocket
Server (running on hostid)
Client
send request using
clientSocket
read request from
connectionSocket
write reply to
connectionSocket
TCP
connection setup
In Package java.net
java.net.Socket
Implements client sockets (also called just sockets).
An endpoint for communication between two machines.
Constructor and Methods
Socket(String host, int port): Creates a stream socket and connects it to the
specified port number on the named host.
InputStream getInputStream()
OutputStream getOutputStream()
close()

java.net.ServerSocket
Implements server sockets.
Waits for requests to come in over the network.
Performs some operation based on the request.
Constructor and Methods
ServerSocket(int port)
Socket Accept(): Listens for a connection to be made to this socket and accepts it.
This method blocks until a connection is made.

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class TCPClient {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String sentence;
String modifiedSentence;

BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789);

DataOutputStream outToServer =
new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());

BufferedReader inFromServer = new BufferedReader(new

InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));

sentence = inFromUser.readLine();

outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n');

modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine();

System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence);

clientSocket.close();

}
}
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPServer {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String clientSentence;
String capitalizedSentence;

ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789);

while(true) {

Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept();

BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));
DataOutputStream outToClient =
new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());

clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();

capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n';

outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence);

}
}
}
UDP
Connectionless and unreliable service.
There isnt an initial handshaking phase.
Doesnt have a pipe.
transmitted data may be received out of order, or lost


Socket Programming with UDP
No need for a welcoming socket.
No streams are attached to the sockets.
the sending hosts creates packets by attaching the IP destination
address and port number to each batch of bytes.
The receiving process must unravel to received packet to obtain the
packets information bytes.
close
clientSocket
Server (running on hostid)
read reply from
clientSocket
create socket,

clientSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Client
Create, address (hostid, port=x,
send datagram request
using clientSocket
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
serverSocket =
DatagramSocket()
read request from
serverSocket
write reply to
serverSocket
specifying client
host address,
port umber
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Process
clientSocket
UDP
packet
input
stream
UDP
packet
UDP
socket
Output: sends
packet (TCP sent
byte stream)
Input: receives
packet (TCP
received byte
stream)
Client
process
client UDP
socket
In Package java.net
java.net.DatagramSocket
A socket for sending and receiving datagram packets.
Constructor and Methods
DatagramSocket(int port): Constructs a datagram socket and
binds it to the specified port on the local host machine.
void receive( DatagramPacket p)
void send( DatagramPacket p)
void close()
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class UDPClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{

BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();

InetAddress IPAddress =
InetAddress.getByName("hostname");

byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];

String sentence = inFromUser.readLine();

sendData = sentence.getBytes();
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length,
IPAddress, 9876);

clientSocket.send(sendPacket);

DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);

clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);

String modifiedSentence =
new String(receivePacket.getData());

System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence);

clientSocket.close();

}
}
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class UDPServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{

DatagramSocket serverSocket = new
DatagramSocket(9876);

byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];

while(true)
{

DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);

serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);

String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData());

InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();

int port = receivePacket.getPort();

String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase();
sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes();

DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, port);

serverSocket.send(sendPacket);

}
}
}

Handles only one HTTP request
Accepts and parses the HTTP request
Gets the required file from the servers file
system.
Creates an HTTP response message
consisting of the requested file preceded
by header lines
Sends the response directly to the client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class WebServer{
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception {
String requestMessageLine;
String fileName;
ServerSocket listenSocket = new ServerSocket(6789);
Socket connectionSocket = listenSocket.accept();

BufferedReader inFromClient =
new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));

DataOutputStream outToClient =
new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());

requestMessageLine = inFromClient.readLine();

StringTokenizer tokenizedLine =
new StringTokenizer(requestMessageLine);

if (tokenizedLine.nextToken().equals("GET")){
fileName = tokenizedLine.nextToken();
if (fileName.startsWith("/") == true )
fileName = fileName.substring(1);

File file = new File(fileName);
int numOfBytes = (int) file.length();
FileInputStream inFile = new FileInputStream (fileName);
byte[] fileInBytes = new byte[numOfBytes];

inFile.read(fileInBytes);
outToClient.writeBytes("HTTP/1.0 200 Document Follows\r\n");

if (fileName.endsWith(".jpg"))
outToClient.writeBytes("Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n");

if (fileName.endsWith(".gif"))
outToClient.writeBytes("Content-Type: image/gif\r\n");

outToClient.writeBytes("Content-Length: " + numOfBytes + "\r\n");

outToClient.writeBytes("\r\n");
outToClient.write(fileInBytes, 0, numOfBytes);
connectionSocket.close();
}
else System.out.println("Bad Request Message");
}
}
Servers need to handle a new connection
request while processing previous requests.
Most TCP servers are designed to be concurrent.
When a new connection request arrives at
a server, the server accepts and invokes a
new process to handle the new client.
cosmos% netstat a n f inet
Active Internet connections (including servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state)
tcp 0 0 *.23 *.* LISTEN

cosmos% netstat a n f inet
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state)
tcp 0 0 192.249.24.2.23 192.249.24.31.1029
ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 *.23 *.* LISTEN

cosmos% netstat a n f inet
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state)
tcp 0 0 192.249.24.2.23 192.249.24.31.1029
ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.249.24.2.23 192.249.24.31.1030
ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 *.23 *.* LISTEN
C-language tutorial (audio/slides):
Unix Network Programming (J. Kurose),
http://manic.cs.umass.edu/~amldemo/courseware/intro.html

Java-tutorials:
All About Sockets (Sun tutorial),
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-1996/jw-12-
sockets.html
Socket Programming in Java: a tutorial,
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-1996/jw-12-
sockets.html
THANK
YOU