Muscular System

Functions
Voluntary movement
Forms some sphincters
Protection of some organs
Stabilization of some joints
Posture
Heat production



Muscular System
Organs
Muscles
Muscular System
Organs
Muscles (includes tendons
and aponeuroses)
Structure of Skeletal Muscles
Muscle fibers

Structure of Skeletal Muscles
Muscle fibers

Structure of Skeletal Muscles
Muscle fibers
Contractile units within:

Structure of Skeletal Muscles
Muscle fibers
Contractile units within:
Sarcomeres

Structure of Skeletal Muscles
Muscle fibers
Contractile units within:
Sarcomeres

Structure of Skeletal Muscles
Muscle fibers
Contractile units within:
Sarcomeres
Sarcomeres linked end-to
end

Structure of Skeletal Muscles
Muscle fibers
Contractile units within:
Sarcomeres
Sarcomeres linked end-to
end; form myofibrils

Muscle fibers bundled into
fascicles

Muscle fibers bundled into
fascicles
Fascicles bundled to form the
muscle
Connective Tissue in Muscle
Connective Tissue in Muscle
Endomysium
Connective Tissue in Muscle
Endomysium
Perimysium
Connective Tissue in Muscle
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

How Muscles Create Movement at
Joints
Muscles must cross joints
Insertion pulled towards origin

Fascicle Organization
Parallel
Greatest
range of
motion

Fascicle Organization
Parallel
Pennate

Fascicle Organization
Parallel
Pennate
Strongest
force of
contraction


Fascicle Organization
Parallel
Pennate
Convergent


Fascicle Organization

Parallel
Pennate
Convergent
Greatest
versatility

Fascicle Organization

Parallel
Pennate
Convergent
Circular

Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
F
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
F
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
R
F
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
R
F
E
Third-class lever
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
R
F
E
Third-class lever
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
F
E
R
Third-class lever
R
F
E
Third-class lever
F
E
R
Third-class lever
F
E
R
Third-class lever
Amplifies
speed and
distance at the
expense of
force
R
F
E
Third-class lever
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
R
F
E
Third-class lever
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
R
F
E
Third-class lever
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
R
F
E
Second-class lever
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
R
F
E
First-class lever
Muscle-Bone Lever Systems
Muscle Interaction
Prime Mover
Muscle most responsible for
an action
e.g.: abduction of arm:
deltoid


Muscle Interaction
Synergistic muscles
Assists prime mover
e.g.: supraspinatus assists
deltoid in abduction


Muscle Interaction
Fixator muscles
Holds bone of origin steady
e.g.: serratus anterior holds
deltoids bone of origin
steady during abduction

Muscle Interaction
Antagonistic muscles
Action opposite that of the
prime mover
e.g.: lats and pects adduct
must not contract during
abduction
Muscle names may indicate the
direction of the muscle fibers
(e.g., transversus abdominis,
external oblique).


Muscle names may indicate the
direction of the muscle fibers (e.g.,
transversus abdominis, external
oblique).

A muscle may be named according
to its location (e.g., temporalis,
tibialis anterior).

The size of the muscle may be
indicated in the name (e.g.,
gluteus maximus, adductor
Iongus).


Some muscles are named on the
basis of shape (e.g., deltoid,
serratus anterior).

Muscles may be named after their
origin and insertion (e.g.,
sternocleidomastoid).

A muscle may be named according
to its location (e.g., temporalis,
tibialis anterior).

Muscles may be named for their
number of origins (e.g., triceps
brachii, quadriceps femoris).




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