Electric

Motors
By: Muhammad Azhar Hussain
Objective
Familiarization with basic philosophy of
electric motor operation and motor
maintenance / protections with
reference to FFC plants.
Electric Motors
Introduction
Working Principles
Construction
Motor Problems
Maintenance of Electric Motors
Protections of Motors
Introduction
Electromechanical device that converts
electrical energy to mechanical energy
Mechanical energy used to e.g.
Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower
Drive compressors
Lift materials
Motors in industry: 70% of electrical load

Introduction
How does Electric Motor Work?
1
4
3
2
Introduction
Types of Electric Motors
Electric Motors
Alternating Current
(AC) Motors
Direct Current (DC)
Motors
Synchronous Induction
Three-Phase Single-Phase
Self Excited Separately
Excited
Series Shunt Compound
Introduction
AC Motors Induction motor
Most common motors in industry
Advantages:
Simple design
Inexpensive
High power to weight ratio
Easy to maintain
Direct connection to AC power source
Construction of Motor
Frame (cast iron / aluminum)
Pedestals
End covers
Stator (steel lamination slots holding copper
winding)
Exchanger
Anti Rotation Device
Construction of Motor contd.
Rotor Shaft and bearings
Fan for cooling (metallic / plastic)
Terminal Box
Problems of Electric Motors
Grounding
Phase-Phase short circuiting
Inter-turn Short Circuiting
Abnormal Sound
High Vibration
Maintenance of Electric Motor
Proper tools / properly installed
Proper maintenance personnel
Inspection / reporting / recording
Four cardinal rules
Keep it clean
Keep it dry
Keep it tight
Keep it friction free
Maintenance of Electric Motor
Preventive Maintenance Plan
Meggering
Dismantling
Cleaning of stator / housing
Varnishing of stator winding
Heating in Oven
Replacement of bearing
Testing if required
AC Motor Overhauling
Overhaul
It is defined as thorough checking,
inspection, repairs and adjustments to
restore good working condition.
During overhauling, the machine is
dismantled, worn out parts are replaced and
the machine is restored to good working
condition. Overhaul involves complete
shutdown, dismantling, repair and
reassembly.
Verification of Satisfactory
Motor Maintenance
All new motors are provided with detailed
technical literatures, Test Reports and list of
recommended spares for future reference.
Verification of Satisfactory
Motor Maintenance (Contd)
In case of any further clarification the vendor
or supplier should be contacted.
Only essential spares should be kept in
warehouse.
Verification of Satisfactory
Motor Maintenance (Contd)
History cards of all motors should be
maintained, area wise, maintained by the
respective area engineer.
Workshop engineer should issue job card for
the motor on which maintenance activity has
taken place.
Verification of Satisfactory
Motor Maintenance (Contd)
After rewinding / overhauling has taken place
on a motor, following tests should be carried
out.
Meggering
Starting current
Verification of Satisfactory
Motor Maintenance (Contd)
No-load current on all three phases
Abnormal Sound (if any)
Vibration analysis (if required)
Bearing temperatures
Speed
Protections of Motors
Thermal overload (49)
This unit actuates the current drawing by the
motor increases beyond set value.
Earth Fault (64)
This unit operates when the zero sequence
current exceeds the set value, under normal
condition this current is nearly zero.
Protections of Motors
Short Circuiting (50)
This protection is activated in only those
motors which do not have main fuses. This
actuates when current increases 6 times the
starting current.
Negative Sequence (46)
This unit operates when the value of
negative sequence current increases by the
set value.
Protections of Motors
Locked Rotor (51LR)
This unit operates when the starting time of
the motor exceeds the set value, it will
protect the motor against locked rotor during
its normal operation.
Start-up Supervision Relay (66)
This unit allows the number of times the
motor can be started within a certain time.



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