SPM Add Maths

USING FORMULAE
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The formulae are arrange in order of

ALGEBRA
GEOMETRY
CALCULUS
TRIGONOMETRY
STATISTICS

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 Quadratic Equations
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ALGEBRA :
ax2 + bx + c = 0

− b ± b 2 − 4ac Unable to factorise

1 x=
2a

5x – x2 = 3
rearrange to GENERAL FORM – x2 + 5x – 3 = 0
IDENTIFY a, b and c

a = –1 b = 5 c = –3
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ALGEBRA : Indices

i. index number with the

2 am x an = a m + n same base / that can be
made the same.

3 a m ÷ an = a m – n ii.Does not involve

÷
addition/substraction
operation
4 ( a m )n = a m n
a) 2x + 1 . 4x = 16 
b) 2x = 5 
c) 3x + 3x – 1 = 12 
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ALGEBRA : Logarithms

5 log a mn = log a m + log a n

- Simplify …

m - Evaluate …
6 log a = log a m − log a n
n - Find the value …
- Solve the equation..
7 loga mn = n loga m

log c b
8 log a b = Change the base
log c a
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Changing the base

Given log 2 7 = m find log 4 7

In terms of m.

log 4 7 = log2 7 =
m
log2 2
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GEOMETRY : COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1 Dis tan ce = ( x1 − x2 ) 2 + ( y1 − y2 ) 2 AB: A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2)

2 Midpo int
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2 
( x, y ) =  , 
 2 2  Q
(x1, y1)
3 Division of a line segment m
R -
 nx1 + mx 2 ny1 + my 2  n
( x , y) =  ,  P
 m+n m+n 
(x2, y2)
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GEOMETRY: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

4 Area of triangle
1
= ( x1 y2 + x 2 y3 + x 3 y1 ) − ( x2 y1 + x 3 y2 + x1 y3 )
2
A
Vertices A B C A
1 x1 x2 x3 x1 C
2 y1 y2 y3 y1

B
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STATISTICS: STATISTICS
Mean
4, 5, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15, 15, 17

Σx 4 +5 +5 +6 +8 +12 +15 +15 +17

1 x=
N 9

Score x 0 1 2 3
Σ fx
2 x= frequency f 2 5 4 1
Σf
2( 0 ) + 5( 1 ) + 4( 2 ) + 3( 1 )
2 + 5 + 4 + 1
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STATISTICS : STATISTICS

3 σ =
(
Σ x−x ) 2
=
Σx 2
− x2 Standard Deviation
N N

Variance
Σ f ( x − x) Σ fx 2
2
4 σ = =
Σf
− x2 = get rid of square
Σf
root

1 
 N −F 
5 m = L+  2 C median
 fm 
 
 
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STATISTICS: INDEX NUMBER

Q1 Price Index
6 I = × 100
Q0 Q1 = price of item at specific time
Q0 = price of item at base time

Σ Wi I i Composite Index
7 I=
Σ Wi W = Weightage
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TRIGONOMETRY : CIRCULAR MEASURE

• Length of arc, s = rθ

θ in radians
2 Area of sector , A = r2 θ
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CALCULUS : DIFFERENTIATION

dy dv du a) y = x2 ( 1 + x ) 3
1 y = uv , =u +v
dx dx dx

du dv
u dy
v −u x
2 y= , = dx dx b) y=
v dx v2 2+ x 3

dy dy du c) Given y = 3a and
3 = ×
dx du dx x = 1 +2a .
dy
Find .
dx