Dynamic soil-structure

interaction issues of
ofshore wind turbines
Authors:
Lszl Arany, University of Bristol
Prof Subhamoy Bhattacharya, University of
Surrey
Prof S. John o!an, University of Bristol
"r John #ac$onal$, University of Bristol
Background and motivation

%uture o&shore 'in$ farms:

larger, in deeper waters, farther ofshore

How to choose the best foundation(

Conceptual/preliminary design - Dynamics

Task carried out
#echanical )
mathematical
mo$el
%re*uency
e*uation
solve$
numerically
%itte$
analytical
e+,ressions
Task carried out
Analytical e+,ressions for *uic-
natural fre*uency estimation
an$ sensitivity analysis 'ere
formulate$ for o&shore 'in$
turbines on .e+ible foun$ations.
Structure of the presentation
1.mportance of dynamics and
structural model with soil-
structure interaction
/.0atural fre*uency e*uation an$
results
1.%itte$ analytical e+,ressions
!fshore wind turbines are
dynamically sensitive structures
"ynamic loa$in!
from

'in$

'aves

turbine rotation
23P4

bla$e ,assa!e
21P4.
Frequency content of dynamic loads for a typical
wind turbine)
Dynamic model of the wind
turbine
"oundation modelling with #
springs
lateral sti&ness ,
rotational sti&ness an$
cross5cou,lin! sti&ness

Source: EE!
"#$%#)
Structure of the presentation
3.7m,ortance of $ynamics an$
structural mo$el 'ith soil5
structure interaction
$.%atural fre&uency e&uation
and results
1.%itte$ analytical e+,ressions
'odel parameters
Dimensionless group "ormula
()ial force
'ass ratio
*otary inertia
+ateral foundation
stifness
*otational foundation
stifness
,ross-coupling foundation
stifness
Dimensionless group "ormula
()ial force
'ass ratio
*otary inertia
+ateral foundation
stifness
*otational foundation
stifness
,ross-coupling foundation
stifness
5 len!th
8 e*uivalent
ben$in! sti&ness
5 mass ,er len!th

of the to'er
-&uation of motion

9uler 8 Bernoulli e*uation : :th or$er P"9

: boun$ary con$itions:
;
the sums of shear forces an$
;
the sum of ben$in! moments
at the bottom an$ to, of the to'er are zero

Solution in the form:

Substitutin! into boun$ary con$itions:

Transcendental e&uation. solved

numerically
&'shore ind (urbine Frequencies "&(F )%*$) software
was de)eloped*
%atural fre&uency vs. model
parameters
"i)ed base
fre&uency
-stimat
ed
values
Structure of the presentation
3.Structural mo$el an$ $ynamics
inclu$in!
soil5structure interaction
/.0atural fre*uency e*uation an$
results
#."itted analytical e)pressions
(ppro)imation of the natural
fre&uency
%i+e$ Base natural fre*uency e.!.

<oe=cients to correct for .e+ible
foun$ations

*otational Stifness vs %atural

"re&uency
0

"itted analytical curves

Summary

A mathematical mo$el 'as $evelo,e$.

Soft'are 'as 'ritten to solve the

fre*uency e*uation numerically.

Sensitivity of natural fre*uency can be

analyse$.

Analytical formulae 'ere >tte$ to the

curves.
Thank you1
%atural fre&uency vs. model
parameters
? /@?? @??? A@?? 3???? 3/@??
?
?./
?.:
?.B
?.C
3
Relative frequency as a function of non-dimensional lateral stiffness
Lely A/ 'in$ farm
20etherlan$s4,
0e$Din$ :?)@??
@??-D turbine
7rene Eorrin- 'in$
farm 20etherlan$s4,
0or$tan- 0FG B??):1
B??-D 'in$ turbine
0orth oyle 'in$
farm 2UG4, Eestas EC?
/#D turbine
L[-]
Relative frequency - f/fFB [-]
#
1
$
2
2
$
#
1
%atural fre&uency vs. model
parameters
5C?? 5B?? 5:?? 5/?? ?
?
?./
?.:
?.B
?.C
3
Relative frequency as a function of the non-dimensional cross stiffness
Lely A/ 'in$ farm
20etherlan$s4,
0e$Din$ :?)@??
@??-D turbine
7rene Eorrin- 'in$
farm 20etherlan$s4,
0or$tan- 0FG B??):1
B??-D 'in$ turbine
0orth oyle 'in$
farm 2UG4, Eestas EC?
/#D turbine
LR [-]
Relative frequency - f/fFB [-]
1
$
#
2
:
1
/
3
+ateral Stifness vs %atural
"re&uency

()ial force vs %atural "re&uency

'ass *atio vs %atural "re&uency

()ial force vs %atural "re&uency

-&uation of motion
9uler5Bernoulli e*uation 'ith a+ial force
%ree vibration H harmonic solution H
non5$imensional ,arameters I

Boundary conditions

Shear force an$ ben$in! moment zero at the

bottom:
.
Shear force an$ ben$in! moment zero at the to,:

Solution. transcendental e&uation

Loo-in! for solution in the form:

Fhe natural fre*uency results from 'ith

4 I ?
Boundary conditions

3. /.
1. :.

9uler 8 Bernoulli e*uation : :th or$er P"9

: boun$ary con$itions:
;
the sums of shear forces an$
;
the sum of ben$in! moments
at the bottom an$ to, of the to'er are zero

Solution in the form:

Substitutin! into boun$ary con$itions:

-&uation of motion

3.
/.
1.
:.