By

SHILPA K.S
1BT99CS044
8
TH
SEMESTER
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Introduction

A functional unit into which data can be
placed, in which they can be retained and
from which they can be retrieved. The action
of placing data into a storage device.
OR
The process of storing information in a
computer memory or on a magnetic tape or
disk.

High Availability of data
Data Protection
Easy Management
Excellent Security
Data Reliability
Types of Storage Technologies
Local Storage
(LS)
Direct
Attached
Storage
(DAS)
Network
Attached
Storage
(NAS)
Storage
Area
Network
(SAN)
Definition Of NAS
Network-attached storage (NAS) is a concept
of shared storage on a network. It
communicates using Network File System
(NFS) for UNIX environments, Common
Internet File System (CIFS) for Microsoft
Windows environments, FTP, http, and other
networking protocols. NAS brings platform
independence and increased performance to a
network, as if it were an attached appliance.


Basic NAS Implementation

LAN
Client
Client
Client
Server
Server
NAS Filer
Note:NAS will work in both Workgroup & TCP/IP
LAN
(Workgroup Network)
NAS in a Work-group Environment
Client
Client
Client
NAS Filer
( With NetBEUI Protocol )
NAS in a Server Authentication Environment
LAN
TCP/IP
Client
Client
Client
Authentication
Server
Application
Server
NAS Filer
Request
NAS in a Metropolitan Area Solution

LAN

LAN
Client Client
Client Server
NAS Filer Server
Client
Client
WAN
NAS Solutions for Todays IT Business Issues
Decreased IT Staff Cost
Scale fast without Downtime
Relief for your Server
Multi OS Connectivity & Data Sharing
Leveraging Existing Infrastructure
Transparent Backup
Example Of NAS

LAN
Client
Client
Client
Server
SUN Storage
N8200 Filer
Quantum
Snap Server
Definition Of SAN
The Storage Area Network (SAN) provides a
flexible, networked storage infrastructure that
decouples storage devices from their respective
servers. To accomplish this, the SAN
incorporates switch fabric technology,
commonly referred to as a SAN fabric, to
connect any server to any storage subsystem.

Storage
Disk
Array

Storage
Disk
Array
Storage
Disk
Array
Tape Backup
Basic SAN Implementation
Heterogeneous
Servers
FCIP
FCP
FC-SW2
To WAN for
Remote
Storage
Storage Disk Array
Fault Tolerant Non-Blocking Switched Backplane
Channel
Adapter
Channel
Adapter
Channel
Adapter
Channel
Adapter
Channel
Adapter
Channel
Adapter
Channel
Adapter



Storage Array Controller
MP CPU Cache Memory



Storage Array Controller
MP CPU Cache Memory
Disk
Adapter
Disk
Adapter
FC-AL
FC-AL
Storage Array Controller
Block Diagram
Intel Xeon
Processor
Intel Xeon
Processor
Intel
E7500 MCH
Intel 82801 CA
ICH3
Intel 82562ET
2 Channels:
200MHz ECC DDR
2 Registered DIMMs per
Channel
16GB Maximum Memory
32-bit
33MHz
PCI
SM Bus
2.0
GPIO
LPC
10100 Mbps LAN
Management port
6*USB
2.0
FMH ATA 100
Local IDE
Intel 82870P2 Intel 82870P2
Intel 82870P2
Switch Fabric
Interface
16-bit HL 2.0
PCI-X
To Switched Backplane to
channel adapters
2*64 bit 133 MHz PCI-X
Channels to disk adapter
2*64 bit 133 MHz PCI-X
Channels to disk adapter
Disk Adapter Block Diagram
DDR SDRAM
(up to 1GB)
Intel
IOP80321
I/O Processor
PCI-X
Bridge
(3
rd
Party Chip)
PCI-X
Bridge
(3
rd
Party Chip)
Secondary
64-bit 133 MHz

Dual2F FC AL
Or
Dual U320 SCSI
Primary
PCI-X Bus
to storage
array
controller
FLASH
Functional Description
SAN Theory of Operation
-No data is written to the disk until the data has been
received twice from across the fabric. Similarly data
requests are only passed up to the fabric after two
identical reads are received from the RAID
subsystem.
- When the SCSI storage command goes out on the
SAN fabric from the server, it is mapped as a
LUN,which is then translated to a particular track
and sector by the storage array controller.
-Uses Rule-of-thumb calculations , indicating buffer
size for disk caching should be between 0.5 to 1
percent of the disk capacity supported by the
controller.


Software Considerations
The operating system (OS) can either be
a standard server OS,such as Windows
NT or UNIX, a real-time operating
system like VxWorks, or a Linux
derivative.
The channel adapter buffers must
manage the SAN protocol, either iSCSI
or FCP.
Software Stacks For Storage Protocols
SCSI FCP iSCSI FCIP
Host
SCSI Driver
SCSI Driver SCSI Driver SCSI Driver
FCP
FC-2
FC-1 HBA
Transport
iSCSI
TCP
IP
FCP
FCIP
TCP
IP
SCSI Cables
FC Fibers, Hubs
Switches
Over any
IP network
Over any
IP network
Parallel SCSI
The predominant system Bottleneck in a
SAN is the internal system interconnects.
Need to implement high-performance I/O
processors to keep up with the significant
jump in the SAN fabric and disk
interface speeds.
Performance Considerations
Scalability and Migration Options
Both single and dual processor storage controllers are
possible with the Intel XEON Processor
InfiniBand 1X is migrating to 4X and even 12X
Both Ethernet and Fibre Channel are migrating from
1Gbps to 10 Gbps
PCI-X and Hublink will migrate to PCI Express in
future Intel chipsets; PCI Express will also be a
backplane option
Intel Architecture is already at 2 GHz and I/O
processors are on the 1 GHz barrier
Design Advantage
High Performance
Scalability
Time-to-Market
Technology Treadmill Support
SAN Example Slide


UNIX WIN SUN
Tape Backup
Brocade
Disk
Array
Compaq
Disk
Array
INTEL
Disk
Array
To WAN for
Remote
Storage
FC-SW2
FCIP
FCP
Heterogeneous
Servers
NAS & SAN in Typical LAN Environment
LAN
SNAP
Server
NT Server
UNIX Server
Netware Server
UNIX Clients
Windows
Clients
NT Servers
Switch
Switch
Bridge Bridge
DLT
Library
DLT
Library
Shared
Storage
NAS
SAN
Storage
Connects
directly to
the network
Storage
connects to
switches and
servers
Comparison Between SAN & NAS
By Protocols
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel-to-
SCSI
TCP/IP

SAN NAS
Comparison Between SAN & NAS
By Applications
Mission-critical
transaction-based
database application
processing
Centralized data
backup
Disaster recovery
operations
Storage consolidation
File sharing in NFS
and CIFS
Small-block data
transfer over long
distances
Limited read-only
database access
SAN NAS
Comparison Between SAN & NAS
By Advantages
High availability
Data transfer reliability
Reduced traffic on the
primary network
Configuration flexibility
High performance
High scalability
Centralized management
Multiple vender
offerings
Few distance limitations
Simplified addition of
files sharing capacity
Easy deployment and
maintenance
SAN NAS
CONCLUSION
SANs and NAS are increasingly replacing or
supplementing traditional server-attached
storage implementations in many data
centers. As a result, organizations are
realizing a wide range of benefits, including
increased flexibility, easier storage
deployment,and reduced overall storage
costs. Although both SAN and NAS
technologies can provide a competitive
advantage, each is designed for specific types
of environments and applications.

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