BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY

SEMINAR BY
SURBHI SHUKLA
GUIDED BY
MR.R.LAMBODARI SIR

INTRODUCTION
DEFINATION
HISTORY
COMPANY AND SCIENTISTS
RESEARCHES ON ANIMALS
RESEARCHES ON HUMANS
PRINCIPLE
TESTS PERFORMED
CLOSE VIEW OF BRAIN GATE
APPLICATIONS
USEFULLNESS OF BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY
OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION

The brain gate sysytem ia a pseudo controlling
mechanism through a computer chip

Brain Gate is a brain implant system built by
Cyberkinetics which implements the technology Brain
Computer Interface.

Brain-computer interface(BCI) is a fast growing
emergent technology,in which researchers aim to build a
direct channel between the human brain and the
computer.
Brain gate is a brain implant system,currently under
development and in clinical trials,designed to help
those who have lost control of their limbs,or other
bodily functions,such as patient with Amyotrophic
Lateral Scierosis(ALS) or Spinal cord injury.

The sensor,which is implanted into brain,monitors
brain activity in the patient and converts the intention
of the user into the computer commands
Research on BCIs has been going on for more
than 30 years,but from the mid 1990s there has
been a dramatic increase in working
experimental implants.

Brain gate was developed by bio-tech company
Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the
Department or Neuroscience at Brown
university.

Cyberkinetics is a biotech company of America
which is laid down by Nicholas Halsopulas a
neuroscientist in Chicago University.

Tim Surgenor is the CEO of Cyberkinetics .

The scientists who made the Braingate possible are
John Donoghue, Mijail Serruya and General Friehs
of Brown University .



Brain gate researches in
animals
At first, rats were implanted
with BCI .

Signals recorded from the
cerebral cortex of rat to
operate BCI to carry out
the movement
Researchers at the University of
Pittsburgh had demonstarted on a
monkey that can feed itself with a
robotic arm simply by using signals
from its brain
Using only its
mind the monkey
was able to control
a cursor on a
computer monitor
via Brain Gate.
Next Step: Humans!
.
In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface
had been clinically tested on a human by an
American company Cyberkinetics.

The Nature report describes the first participant in
these trials, a 25-year-old man who had sustained a
spinal cord injury leading to paralysis in all four
limbs three years prior to the study.



RESEARCHES ON HUMANS
The system consists of a
sensor that is implanted on
the motor cortex of the
brain (Pedestal) and a
Brain Gate Neural
Interface Device that
analyzes the brain signaL.
.
The first clinical test was conducted on Mathew Nagle on
22.06.2004. He was the first person to use the brain computer
interface to restore functionality lost due to paralysis.
Neurosurgeon Gerhard Friehs implanted the Braingate chip in
his brain.
After implantation, he was able to control a computer mouse
cursor. Using it he was able to press buttons that can control
T.V, check e-mails etc.
The observations and results of the first clinical trial was
published in the journal NATURE.
Second clinical trial was conducted on a 25 years old
QUADRIPLEGIC Patient. After implantation he was able to
switch on lights, adjust T.V volume, change channels and read
e-mails using only his brain.
TESTS PERFORMED


96 ELECTRODE
SENSOR
BRAIN GATE
CHIP
CLOSE VIEW OF BRAIN GATE
In classification of EEG signal.
In multimedia communication.
In evaluation of spike detection algorithms.
Actuated control of mobile robot by human
EEG.
As a brain controlled switch for asynchronous
control.
In evaluating the machine learning algorithms.

USEFULLNESS OF BRAN GATE
TECHNOLOGY
The Braingate technology helps the
physically impaired person specially the
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
patients or the person affected from spinal
injury.

OBSERVATION AND CONCLUSION
The clinical trials and other experiments has shown good
results and boosted the scientists to do lot more in this field.

Tim Surgenor CEO, Cyberkinetic hopes to develop Braingate
in next two years to make it a wireless device that is completely
implantable and doesnt have a plug and making it safer and
less visible.

Scientists are predicting that human being can interface the
digital world with the brain gate technology, if they are willing
for implantation. Finally BRAIN GATE has proved to be a
boon for paralyzed patient .