EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

WITH SEA SHELLS AS AGGREGATES
By:-T. Narayana Ganesh
Reg No:- 13mst1026
VIT UNIVERSITY
( SECOND REVIEW)
Under The Supervision of
Prof. V. Vasugi
Dept of Civil Engineering
OBJECTIVE & SCOPE
Effort towards preserving natural fine
aggregate for future generation and the
idea of using sea shells initiated studies on
possibility of integrating it in concrete
production. Concrete mixes containing 10%,
15%, 20%, 25% & 30% sea shell replacement
level were cast before subjected to water
curing for 28 days.

SEA SHELLS
LITERATURES



Year


Author

Title
WORK DONE &MAJOR
FINDINGS


2013


1) Amaziah
Walter
2) Otunyo,
Idongesit
Udo Friday,
and
3)Theodore
Alexander
Israel
Exploratory
Study of
Crushed
Periwinkle Shell
as Partial
Replacement
for Fine
Aggregates in
Concrete.

The workability of the CPWS-
River Sand concrete decreased
with increasing content of
CPWS.
The strength development in
CPWS-River Sand concrete
became appreciably close to
those of conventional fine
aggregate concrete only at
50:50 CPWS:River Sand
proportion for the 1:2:4 mix.



Year


Author

Title
WORK DONE &MAJOR
FINDINGS


2012


K.
Muthusamy
and N. A.
Sabri
COCKLE
SHELL: A
POTENTIAL
PARTIAL
COARSE
AGGREGATE
REPLACEMENT
IN CONCRETE
This early study found that
addition of cockle shell as
partial coarse aggregate
replacement reduces the
concrete workability owing to
its shape and rougher texture.
Replacement of natural coarse
aggregate by cockle shell at a
level of 20 % resulted in the
increase of compressive
strength compared to control
specimen.



Year


Author

Title
WORK DONE &MAJOR
FINDINGS



2012

Benjamin R.
Etuk,
Idongesit F.
Etuk and
Linus O.
Asuquo
Feasibility of
Using Sea
Shells Ash as
Admixtures for
Concrete
This research aims at producing
pozzolonic admixtures from
waste shells of periwinkle, oyster
and snail. The clean shells were
ashed at 800 C and analysed
for chemical composition.
The results show that the water
consistency, initial, and final
setting times of each of the
cement blends were increasing
with increase in percentage
replacement of cement with
each of the shell ashes.



Year


Author

Title
WORK DONE &MAJOR
FINDINGS


2009


1) Olufemi
Isaac
AGBEDE and
2) Joel
MANASSEH
Suitability of
Periwinkle Shell
as Partial
Replacement
for River
Gravel in
Concrete
Periwinkle shells can be used as
a lightweight aggregate in
concrete works. Hence lower
dead loads in concrete
construction.
The workability of periwinkle-
gravel concrete is reduced
with increasing content of
periwinkle shells.
The strength development in
periwinkle-gravel concrete is
similar to those of conventional
gravel concrete.



Year


Author

Title
WORK DONE &MAJOR
FINDINGS


2013

1) L. O. Ettu,
2) O. M.
Ibearugbule
m,
3) J. C. Ezeh,
and
4) U. C. Anya
A
reinvestigation
of the
prospects of
using
periwinkle shell
as partial
replacement
for granite in
concrete
As much as 75% replacement
could still produce concrete of
satisfactory strength for
structural members under mild
conditions of exposure, given
good supervision of the
concrete making process.
Lower percentage
replacements would be
suitable for worse conditions of
exposure.
Usage of perwinkle shells is
beneficial in coastal
communities where the soils
have relatively low bearing
capacities.

METHODOLOGY
Procurement: Sea shells are found in marine
environment especially in seas. They can be
procured from the beaches in abundant
Casting of concrete: Concrete cubes are
casted for 14, 21 & 28 days. The natural sand
is replaced by sea shells crushed to fine
powder and is replaced gradually at 10%,
15%, 20%, 25% & 30%. Similarly cylinders are
casted in the same manner.

Testing & property Study: The cubes and
cylinders casted are subjected to various
tests for knowing their properties at different
proportions.
Results & Discussions: Properties of the
concrete samples containing sand as fine
aggregate with that of the samples
containing sea shell powder are compared
and will be discussed.

METHODOLOGY
MIX DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Grade of cement = 53 grade cement (Jaypee
cement)
Size of coarse aggregate = 20 mm
w/c ratio = 0.45
Adopted w/c ratio = 0.42
Workability = 100mm(slump)
Specific Gravity of cement = 3.15
Specific Gravity of CA = 2.74
Specific Gravity of FA = 2.61
Specific Gravity of water = 1
Exposure Condition = mild


Target mean strength = Fck = fck + t*s = 38.25N/mm2
Adopted w/c ratio = 0.42
Water content for 100 mm slump = 186+(6/100)*186 =
197litres
After 10% reduction due to addition of super plasticizer
water content = 177.3 litres.
Cement content = 177.3/0.42 = 422.14 kg/m3.
Volume of concrete = 1 m3
Volume of cement = [422.14/3.15] x [1/1000] = 0.134 m3
Volume of water = [177.3/1] x [1/1000] = 0.177 m3
Volume of all in aggregates (e) =a (b + c) = 1 (0.131 +
0.186) = 0.689 m3
Volume of coarse aggregates = e x Volume of CA x specific
gravity of CA = 0.689 x 0.61 x 2.74 x 1000 = 1151.5 kg/m3
Volume of fine aggregates = e x Volume of FA x specific
gravity of FA = 0.689 x 0.39 x 2.61 x 1000 = 701.33 kg/m3

Partial Replacement
Calculations
For a single cube (150mm x 150mm x 150mm)
0% replacement = 2.366 kg
10% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.236kg
15% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.354 kg
20% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.473 kg
25% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.591 kg
30% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.709 kg
Total sea shell aggregate content = 2.363 kg

Partial Replacement
Calculations
For a single cylinder (100mm dia x 200mm ht)
0% replacement = 1.101kg
10% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.110 kg
15% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.165 kg
20% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.2202 kg
25% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.275 kg
30% replacement with sea shells quantity = 0.330 kg
Total sea shell aggregate content = 1.1 kg

MIX CONTENTS FOR M30 MIX
Mass of Cement in kg/m
3
422.14
Mass of Water in kg/m
3
177.3
Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m
3
701.33
Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m
3
1151.5
Super Plasticizer used Conplast SP 430
Mass of super plasticizer in kg/m
3
2% of weight of the cement = 8.44
Mix Ratio 1 : 1.66 : 2.7
CONPLAST SP430
It is a high performance superplasticizing admixture.
Provides excellent acceleration of strength gain at early
ages and major increases in strength at all ages by
significantly reducing water demand in a concrete mix
Advantages
Major increases in strength at early ages without
increased cement contents.
Makes possible major reductions in water:cement ratio
which allow the production of high strength concrete
without excessive cement contents.


CONPLAST SP430
WORK DONE SO FAR

Concrete cubes with 10% replacement are casted
to obtain compressive strength for 14 days.
Design mix for control concrete has been done and
the cubes are casted for test on compression.
Similarly cylinders are casted in same manner and
are subjected for tensile testing after curing for
desired period.
The results of these cubes and cylinders are
compared with work done for partial replacement
of fine aggregates as mentioned earlier.