BIEL - Original

Power Quality Monitoring
1
ALSTOM Power Quality
Monitoring Solutions
Selling Guide
APRIL 2000
2
POWER QUALITY CONCERNS:

In the upper part of the network, the main
concern is to improve the grid load flow
In the lower part of the network, the main
concern is to improve the end user Voltage
3
INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSION
NETWORK
SUB TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION
LV NETWORK
G
G
G
G
SECONDARY
(RURAL)
DISTRIBUTION
Heavy
Industry
Medium
Industry
Light Industry
POW GEN
IPP
POW GEN
IPP
Renewable
Sources
IPP
Municipal
CO-GEN
DOMESTIC
URBAN
TRANSFORMERS
CHEMICAL
PLANTS
STEEL
WORKS
M722
M722
M722
M723
M723
M724
M723
M724
M723
M722
M721
M721
M723
M722 M722
M721
M724
HV Sliding ref
required
GRID LOAD FLOW
IMPROVEMENT
END USER VOLTAGE
IMPROVEMENT
Range MiCOM M720 : PQ Meters
Why assessing the level of Power Quality ?
G
4
Customer solutions :

Transmission Utility
Distribution Utility
Industries
Generation, IPP
5
in TRANSMISSION
6
Transmission Utility : Customer questions:

How can I monitor the legal and contractual interfaces
inside my network ?
Do I need and how can I build-up Power Quality
contracts ?
How to optimise the network planning improving asset
management ?
7
Transmission Utility : Monitoring the legal and
contractual interfaces : how PQM can help ?

by monitoring a set of parameters versus PQ standards,
including the sliding HV reference : V,V dips and
Interruptions, FRQ, Unbalance, Harmonics to evaluate
the propagation of bad quality over the transmission
network
by producing advanced PQ reports in a user-friendly way
, accessible to financial deciders, and to produce
evidence to the customers that the promised Power
Quality level is met

8
Transmission Utility : build-up power quality
contracts : how PQM can help ?

by assessing how far is the actual level of Power Quality
from the to be defined standards to evaluate the risks
while building legal contractual agreements
by monitoring the set of PQ parameters with fully
configurable limits to sharpen the knowledge of PQ, to
eliminate PQ pollution at the source
by knowing the level of Power Quality time and space
related, to take planning action to reach the level of PQ
at whatever time and location
by getting advanced reports on PQ data producing
contractual evidences
9
Transmission Utility : optimise the network
planning through better asset management :
how PQM can help ?
by getting the relevant PQ data to improve the technical
and financial management of the network
by increasing the relevance of the renovation by knowing
the PQ level at critical locations (common coupling
points)
by getting in an efficient way advanced PQ reports, time
and space related to build-up ROI analysis
by knowing the convergence to the PQ standards to
avoid over-quality and consequently over investment
10
Transmission Utility : optimise the network
planning through better asset management :
how PQM can help ?
by allowing calculation of potential penalties according to
the type of investment and therefore optimise the
financial management of my network
by using the PQM data to mitigate PQ sags/Interruptions
and consequently decrease the loss of income due to the
undelivered energy

11
Transmission Utility : Power Quality
Monitoring solutions : Which product to
choose in PCB range ?

to monitor the legal and contractual interfaces
(deregulation) -> MiCOM M723
to build-up Power Quality contracts -> MiCOM M724
to optimise the network planning with the asset
management approach -> MiCOM M724

and QR Manager analysis software
12
in DISTRIBUTION
13
Distribution Utility : Customer questions:

How can I monitor the legal and contractual interfaces ?
How can I improve the reliability and the availability of the
power delivered to the customers at lower costs ?
How being able to propose premium power contracts ?
How to optimise the network planning improving asset
management ?
14
Distribution Utility : monitor the legal and
contractual interfaces : how PQM can help ?

by monitoring a set of parameters versus PQ standards
including Flicker, Inter-harmonics and signalling Voltage
by getting efficiently periodic PQ reports
by comparing the actual level of Power Quality versus
other utilities, to make sure to keep a good benchmark
position
by monitoring carefully the Power Quality coming from
IPPs
15
Distribution Utility : improve the reliability and
the availability of the power delivered to the
customers at lower costs : how PQM can help ?

by getting fast and accurate information on Power Quality
disruption
by assessing accurately the actual level of Power
Quality to avoid penalties
by monitoring the disturbances created by polluting
customers (Industries), and claim penalties
by linking the kwh purchase rate from IPPs to the Power
Quality level
16
Distribution utility : being able to propose
premium power contracts : how PQM can
help ?
by investigating the actual level of Power Quality to know
where the Quality is harmed and take action
by assessing the Power Quality with fully configurable
limits, to get some sections to a top quality power
by building up an offer of targeted quality to sensitive
customers
by having a powerful and automatic reports generation
facility
17
Distribution utility : optimise the network
planning improving asset management : how
PQM can help ?
by investing in a relevant way with best ROI possible,
related to penalties involved
by decreasing the loss of income due to the undelivered
energy
by avoiding over-quality for everyone, keeping the best
quality for premium power contracts
by recovering the incoming penalties, and avoiding the
out-coming penalties
by managing efficiently the power flow to buy
continuously the best value for money power
18
Distribution Utility : Power Quality

to monitor the legal and contractual interfaces
(deregulation) -> MiCOM M721
to improve the reliability and the availability of the power
delivered to the customers at lower costs
-> MiCOM M722
to be able to propose premium power contracts
to optimise the network planning with the asset
management approach -> MiCOM M722
19
in INDUSTRIES
20
Industry :
Power Quality Monitoring : Customers
questions

How can I check that the committed power quality is
reached ?
How can I keep the continuity of the process ?
How can I decrease my energy bill ?
How can I avoid penalties (minimise pollution to the grid)
?
How can I optimise the plant ?
21
Industry : check that the committed power quality
is reached : how PQM can help ?

by continuously monitoring the level of Power Quality
by processing the necessary statistics , generating the
Power Quality index stated in the contract
by getting periodically (typical every week) a reports on
the contractual PQ indices
by making the PQ data accessible to financial people
22
Industry : keep the continuity of my process :
how PQM can help ?
by getting specific contractual agreement with the utilities
by monitoring the level of Power Quality delivered to their
plant
by minimising the effect of the variations of the electrical
supply
by correlating the Power Quality disruptions with the
failures in the process
23
Industry : decrease the energy bill : how PQM
can help ?
by monitoring accurately the Power Quality parameters
linked to possible penalties
by optimising the energy cost allocations throughout the
plant
by getting a deep knowledge of the power flow on the
plant in order to better negotiate with the utilities
by grouping some loads to optimise the costs
by getting a cheaper own-generation capability
by billing in the best way the energy sold by the plant
24
Industry : avoid penalties (minimise pollution to
the grid) : how PQM can help ?
by monitoring continuously the disturbing loads to know
their influence on the level of Power Quality emitted to
outside (arc furnaces etc )
by placing well-dimensioned relevant corrective devices ,
thus avoiding penalties
by getting accurately, statistics on Power Quality data,
with thresholds crossing

25
Industry : optimise the plant : how PQM can
help ?
by identifying the sensitive loads, and increase their
immunity (rather than rise up the power quality level
everywhere)
by measuring the Power Quality throughout the plant and
build up a risk management plan
by performing a Power Quality level survey , time and
topology related
by getting quickly, well designed Power Quality reports

26
Industry : Power Quality Monitoring
solutions : Which product to choose in PCB
range ?
to check that the committed power quality is reached
-> MiCOM M721
to keep the continuity of the process -> MiCOM M722
to decrease the energy bill -> MiCOM M722
to avoid penalties (minimise pollution to the grid)
-> MiCOM M722
(memory for long duration data logging) -> MiCOM M724
to optimise the plant -> MiCOM M724

27
Low
Melting oven
Cement oven
Tansport
Arc Furnace
Food processing
Paper
Glass
Car
manufacturer
Metal assembly
Mech. Extrusion
Industrial gases
Fiber production
Electrolysis
Grinding
High

Low

A
V
A
I
L
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
Steel rolling
Aluminium
Rolling
Refining
Chemicals/plastics
Medium High
Q U A L I T Y
(Impact of an
interruption)
(Impact of a dip)
IMPACT : in major industries
28
Airport
Dips Interruptions Swell Hi Inter- Hi
Flicker Unbalance
K-Factor
Telecom.
Cyclo-
converter
Electronic
Equipt
Car Industry
Oil & Gas
Railways
Variable
speed drive
X X X X X X -
X X
-
- - - - - -
X X X X X - - -
X X X X X X
-
-
X X X X X X X
-
X X X X
X - - -
-
X X X
- - -
-
X X X X X X
-
-
Transformer X X X X
- - X
Type of Power Quality disruption
29
Interruptions
Example of cost per PQ event :
Semi-conductor Industry
Level of Voltage
20 kV
Interr. Rate
1.0
/mnth
Loss / event
52 MUS$
/event
Cost per month
52 MUS$
Cost per year
630 MUS$
Example : process is lasting 70 days with 300 steps in the process, in an oven :
700 Wafers x 150 microchips x 500 US$ each
-> loss = 700 x 150 x 500 = 52 M$ !!
30
in OIL & GAS APPLICATION
31
Different level are present depending of the
size of the plant :
Main arrival from public utility
Co-generation at sub-transmission or distribution
level
Back-up network at low voltage level
(emergency)
MV loads (motors , crackers etc )
LV loads (motors, pumps, etc )
OIL & GAS PLANT :
32
OIL & GAS Plant :
SUB TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTIO
N
SECONDARY
DISTRIBUTION
LV
NETWORK
G
G
CO-GENERATION
INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSION NETWORK
LV LOADS
G
Emergency
CO-GENERATION
11KV 110KV
N x 40 MW
11KV
36.6KV
N x 20 MW
1000 kW
CO-GENERATION
HV Arrival (Utility)
Big Oil &
Gas Plant
Middle size
Oil & Gas
Plant
33
Different parameters are to be monitored :
Monitoring of the main HV arrival from the utility
Monitoring of the correct coupling/Islanding of the
Co-generation devices
Technological monitoring of the Co-generation
turbines
Monitoring (M) and Power Quality Monitoring
(PQM)
Power flow (Import/export) monitoring at the
interconnection public network/oil & gas plant
OIL & GAS PLANT :
34
Different parameters are to be monitored :
Monitoring of the harmonic pollution of the power
throughout the plant (Variable speed motors,
transformer saturation, etc )
Monitoring of operation during
connection/disconnection of loads
Unbalance rate of the network (phase to phase
faults, Fuse blowing , Unbalanced load)
Billing optimisation (peak hours management)
OIL & GAS PLANT :
35
Phenomena to be monitored :
SUB TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTIO
N
SECONDARY
DISTRIBUTION
LV
NETWORK
NETWORK
LV LOADS
G
Emergency
CO-GENERATION
11KV 110KV
N x 40 MW
11KV
36.6KV
N x 20 MW
1000 kW
CO-GENERATION
Network phase changing
Reclosing
Motor Starting
Voltage
Current
Motor Starting
Source coupling
Variable
Speed
Motor
CO-GENERATION
G
G
Big Oil &
Gas Plant
Middle size
Oil & Gas
Plant
36
MONITORING AND POWER QUALITY MONITORING
SUB TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTIO
N
SECONDARY
DISTRIBUTION
LV NETWORK
INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSION NETWORK
LV LOADS
G
11KV 110KV
N x 40 MW
11KV
36.6KV
N x 20 MW
1000 kW
CO-GENERATION
Reclosing
CO-GENERATION
G
G
MiCOM M723
Emergency
CO-GENERATION
M / PQM
MiCOM M722
M / PQM
MiCOM M723
MiCOM M722
MiCOM M721
MiCOM M722
M / PQM
M / PQM
M / PQM
M / PQM
M / PQM
MiCOM M724
Portable
Big Oil &
Gas Plant
Middle size
Oil & Gas
Plant
37
in GENERATION & IPPs
38
Generation and IPP : Customers questions

How can I get evidence that the level of Power Quality is
according the requirements
How can I secure the invoicing of different Quality of
Supply of the power generated according to their rates
How can I get technological data about the generating
devices
39
Generation and IPP : get evidence that the
level of Power Quality is according the
requirements : how PQM can help ?

by monitoring continuously the level of Power Quality
according the contractual commitment
by keeping the history of the monitored data over an
invoicing period
by producing advanced PQ reports showing evidence of
the fulfilling of the commitments

40
Generation and IPP : secure the invoicing of
different Quality of Supply of the power generated
according to their rates:
how PQM can help ?

by having the monitored data , periodically reported to
financial people
by monitoring the power generated according more than
one Power Quality profile
by having selected targeted reports according the
different rates

41
Generation and IPP : get technological data
about the generating devices :
how PQM can help ?
by monitoring a set of parameters linked to the
technology of the generating devices (inter-harmonics,
unbalance, flicker etc )
by producing advanced PQ information to technical
specialists for analysis and corrective and preventive
maintenance

42
Generation and IPP : Power Quality
to get evidence that the level of Power Quality is
according the requirements
-> MiCOM M722
IPPs -> MiCOM M721
to secure the invoicing of different Quality of Supply of
the power generated according to their rates
-> MiCOM M722
to get technological data about the generating devices
-> MiCOM M724

43

Power Quality
Monitoring Solutions :
M720 + QR Manager
44
FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER
FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER
FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER FLICKER
45
ALSTOM Power Quality Monitoring
Solutions :

MiCOM M720 : a comprehensive range of Power Quality
Meters
QR Manager : advanced analysis software with
automatic PQ report generation
46
Medidor de calidad de potencia ALSTOM
Soluciones:

MICOM M720 : amplia gama de medidores de calidad de
potencia

ADMINISTRADOR QR: software de anlisis avanzado
con generador automtico de PQ.
47
MiCOM M721
Standard power quality profile
MiCOM M722
Customisable power quality profile - Investigation
MiCOM M723
Standard power quality profile - HV sliding
reference
MiCOM M724
Expert investigation - convergence of the PQ
parameters to the PQ standards
MiCOM M720
48
MiCOM M721
Perfiles de calidad normalizados
MiCOM M722
Perfiles de calidad configurables - Investigacin
MiCOM M723
Perfiles de calidad normalizados - HV sliding
reference
MiCOM M724
Expert investigation - convergence of the PQ
parameters to the PQ standards
MiCOM M720
49
POWER QUALITY MONITORING
NETWORK
SUB TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION
LV NETWORK
G
G
G
G
G
SECONDARY
(RURAL)
DISTRIBUTION
Heavy
Industry
Medium
Industry
Light Industry
POW GEN
IPP
POW GEN
IPP
Renewable
Sources
IPP
Municipal
CO-GEN
DOMESTIC
URBAN
TRANSFORMERS
CHEMICAL
PLANTS
STEEL
WORKS
M722
M722
M722
M723
M723
M724
M723
M724
M723
M722
M721
M721
M723
M722 M722
M721
M724
HV Sliding ref
required
50
Medicin de calidad de potencia
Red de transmisin
SUB-TRANSMISION
DISTRIBUCION
DISTRIBUCION
SECUNDARIA
RED BAJA
TENSION
G
G
G
G
G
RED DE
DISTRIBUCION
RURAL
GENERACION
IPP
GENERACIO
N
IPP
Generacin
Municipal
CO-GENERACION
CONSUMO
DOMESTICO
TRANSFORMAD
ORES URBANOS
INDUSTRIA
INDUSTRI
A
M722
M722
M722
M723
M723
M724
M723
M724
M723
M722
M721
M721
M723
M722 M722
M721
M724
HV Sliding ref
required
51
Parameters
Nb of channels
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

:

Phase Voltage (Va, Vb, Vc)
Negative Sequence Voltage
Current (Ia, Ib, Ic)
Neutral Current
Active Power (Pa, Pb, Pc, PT)
Power Factor (Pf1, Pf2, Pf3, PfT)
Memory
4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I
1 Mb 4 Mb 8 Mb 8 Mb
Line Voltage (Vab, Vbc, Vca)
Reactive Power (Qa, Qb, Qc, QT)
Apparent Power (Sa, Sb, Sc, ST)
Frequency
* * * *
* * * *
* * * *
* derived quantity
Harmonics V
Waveform Capture
Harmonics I
Range M721
M722 M723 M724
52
Parmetro
Nmero de canales
Tensin de Fase (Va, Vb, Vc)
Tensin de secuencia
negativa
Corriente: Ia, Ib,
Ic
Corriente de
neutro
Potencia Activa: Pa, Pb, Pc,
PT
Factor de potencia: Pf1, Pf2, Pf3,
PfT
Memori
a
4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I
1 Mb 4 Mb 8 Mb 8 Mb
Tensin de lnea: Vab, Vbc,
Vca
Potencia reactiva: Qa, Qb, Qc,
QT
Potencia Aparente: Sa, Sb, Sc,
ST
Frecuenci
a
* * * *
* * * *
* * * *
* Parmetro calculado
Componente harmnica de
V
Captura de forma de
onda
Componente harmnica de I
M721
M722 M723 M724
53
Parameters
Nb of channels
Sampling Frequency
Inter-harmonics
K-Factor
Storage T_very_short (3sec)
4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I
P
Q

M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

:
(50) (50) (50) (50)/(100*)
(2)
(4) (8)
(8)
(Pstimax)
(Pst)
(Pstimax)
(Pst)
IEC 1000-4-7
IEC 61000-4-15
5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz
5 120 Hz
10 240 Hz *
HV Sliding reference
Slow Variations
Dips , Interruptions
Frequency
Harmonics, THD
Ripple clock
Flicker
Unbalance rate
* option
EN50160 / IEEE 1159
Configurable standards
Range M721
M722 M723 M724
54
Parmetro
Nmero de
canales
Frecuencia de
muestreo
Inter-
harmonics
K-Factor
Storage T_very_short
(3sec)
4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I 4 U/ 4 I
(50) (50) (50) (50)/(100*)
(2)
(4) (8)
(8)
(Pstimax)
(Pst)
(Pstimax)
(Pst)
IEC 1000-4-7
IEC 61000-4-15
5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz 5 120 Hz
5 120 Hz
10 240 Hz *
HV Sliding
reference
Variacin lenta
Dips , Interrrupciones
Frecuencia
Harmonicos, THD
Ripple clock
Flicker
Desbalance fases
* opcional
EN50160 / IEEE 1159
Configurabl
e
M721
M722 M723 M724
55
PQM Analysis software : QR Manager:
95 %
99 %
Paramtre 1 - Paramtre 2 - Paramtre 3 - ......- Paramtre N
Data Analysis :
Computation of probability 95% (EN50160), 100% or any
other desired percentage
Representation of the PQ data in Time domain
Representation of the PQ data compared to Power
Quality patterns (CBEMA, ITIC curves, customised)
Bar chart 3D for sorting out
dips and Interruptions
SARFI indicators
DISDIP table
PQ Report generation
Report
Generation
56
Software de anlisis PQM : Administrador QR:
95 %
99 %
Paramtre 1 - Paramtre 2 - Paramtre 3 - ......- Paramtre N
Anlisis de datos:
Clculo de probabilidad 95% (EN50160)
100% u otro porcentaje requerido.
Grfico temporal de los parmetros de calidad.
Comparacin grfica de los parmetros medidos
con modelos normalizados (CBEMA, curvas ITIC,
personalizado)
Grfico de barras 3D.
Indicadores SARFI
Tabla DISDIP
Generacin de reporte.
Report
Generation
57
Trend
curves
viewing
integration
to the PQ
report with
the PQ
profile
QR Manager - Report generation
58
Curvas de
tendencias
Integracin
del reporte
PQ con el
perfil PQ
Administrador QR - Generacin de Reporte
59
x% value
cumulated
probability
integration
to the PQ
report
60
Porcentaje del
valor
Probabilidad
acumulada
Integracin al
reporte PQ
Administrador QR - Generacin de reporte
61
Discrete trend
curve
integration to the
PQ report
62
Curvas de
tendencia
discreta
Integracin al
reporte PQ
63
Swell event
Points
representati
on
integration to
the PQ
report
64
Zoom
Representa-
cin de
Puntos
Integracin
al reporte
PQ
65
Downtime
Power Quality
Regulations
Integration
Costs
Staff Shortages
Privatisation
Technology
Management
Evolving
Technology
ZA2490
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN A CHANGING
WORLD
66
Tiempo fuera
de servicio
Calidad de
Potencia
Regulaciones
Integracin

Costos
Escasez de
personal
Privatizacin
Manejo de la
Tecnologa
Tecnolog
a
evolutiva
ZA2490
SUMINISTRO DE ENERGIA EN UN MUNDO
CAMBIANTE
67
ENERGY ACTORS
Customer wants :
New services
Access to the PQ data,
Loyalty
Pay only for what he
consumes
ZA2491
PQ ISSUES
68
MERCADOS DE
ENERGIA
El cliente requiere :
Nuevos servicios
Acceso a los datos
decalidad
Pagar nicamente por lo
que consume
ZA2491
PQ ISSUES
69
70

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Power Quality Monitoring

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