By:-

Rongon Bhattacharya
Vineet Sachdev
Intel Corporation is an American technology company, and based on its revenue it is the
world's largest semiconductor chip maker.


It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal
computers.


Intel was founded on July 18, 1968, as Integrated Electronics Corporation and is based
in Santa Clara, California, USA. Jane Shaw is its current chairman


Intel makes motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated
circuits, flash memory, graphic chips, embedded processors, and other devices related to
communications and computing.

Intel's "Intel Inside" advertising campaign of the 1990s made it and
its Pentium processor household names.


Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, and this represented
the majority of its business until 1981.


During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the
rapid growth of the PC industry and during this period Intel became
the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs.


The 2010 rankings of the world's 100 most powerful brands published by Millward
Brown Optimor showed the company's brand value at number 48.


Intel ranks 62 in the list of Fortune 500 companies

Intel's mission statement ,values and objectives

Mission
Delight our customers, employees, and shareholders by relentlessly delivering the platform and
technology advancements that become essential to the way we work and live.


Values
Customer orientation
Results orientation
Risk taking
Great place to work
Quality
Discipline

OBJECTIVES
Extend our silicon technology and manufacturing leadership
Deliver unrivaled microprocessors and platforms
Grow profitability worldwide
Excel in customer orientation



Intel's major customers


Intels customers include:-

1.Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and original design manufacturers (ODMs)
who make computer systems, cellular handsets and handheld computing devices, and
telecommunications and networking communications equipment.


2.PC and network communications products users (including individuals, large and small
businesses, and service providers) who buy PC components and board-level products, as
well as networking and communications products, through distributor, reseller, retail, and
OEM channels throughout the world.


3. Other manufacturers, including makers of a wide range of industrial and communications
equipment.
ORIGIN And Early History:-

Intel was founded in 1968 by Gordon E. Moore( a chemist and physicist) and Robert
Noyce (a physicist and co-inventor of the integrated circuit)


Intel's third employee was Andy Grove (a chemical engineer), who ran the company
through much of the 1980s and the high-growth 1990s


They used the name NM Electronics for almost a year, before deciding to call their
company Integrated Electronics or Intel for short.


Initially Intel was distinguished by its ability to make semiconductors, and its primary
products were static random access memory(SRAM) chips.







Intel created the first commercially available microprocessor (Intel 4004) in 1971 and one
of the first microcomputers in 1972



In 1983, the then-CEO Andrew Grove decided to shift the company's focus to
microprocessors



Positioned as microprocessor supplier to IBM and its competitors within the rapidly
growing personal computer market, Intel embarked on a 10-year period of
unprecedented growth as the primary hardware supplier to the PC industry






Major supporting programs that helped Intels processor success in 1990s:-



1. The 1991 "Intel Inside" marketing and branding campaign.



2. Intel's Systems Group which began in the early 1990s started manufacturing PC
"motherboards", and so Intel began manufacturing fully configured "white box"
systems for the dozens of PC clone companies that rapidly sprang up



3. In the 1990s, Intel's Architecture Lab (IAL) was responsible for many of the hardware
innovations of the personal computer
Slowing demand and challenges to Intels dominance

After 2000, growth in demand for high-end microprocessors slowed


The demand for high-end server systems and software dropped with the end of the "dot-
com bubble

Intel's strategy of producing ever-more-powerful processors and obsoleting their
predecessors stumbled.


In the early 2000s then-CEO Craig Barrett attempted to diversify the company's business
beyond semiconductors, but few of these activities were ultimately successful.


In 2005, CEO Paul Otellini reorganized the company to refocus its core processor and
chipset business on platforms like enterprise, digital home, digital health, and mobility.



Regaining of Intels Momentum


Intel unveiled its new product development model known as its "tick-tock model to regain
its prior technological lead. ".


Intel produced P6 and NetBurst products in 2006 with reduced die size (65 nm). A year
later it unveiled its Core microarchitecture to widespread critical acclaim



In 2008, Intel introduced the Penryn microarchitechure,undergoing a shrink form 65nm to
45nm , and the year after saw the release of its positively reviewed successor
processor, Nehalem, followed by another silicon shrink to the 32nm process.

Product and market history

In 70s
The company's first products were shift register memory and random-
access memory integrated circuits,

Concurrently, Intel invented Intel's first microprocessor. It was Originally developed for
the Japanese company Busicom

In 80s

In 1983, the then-President Andy Grove drove the company into a focus on
microprocessors.

Grove began producing processors in three geographically distinct factories,( Santa
Clara, California; Hillsboro, Oregon; and the Phoenix,Arizona)

Grove took the important decision to "single-source" the 386 microprocessor.

Intel introduced the 486 microprocessor in 1989.



In 1990s and New Millenium

The P5 was introduced in 1993 as the Intel Pentium,
substituting a registered trademark
name for the former part number


The P6 followed in 1995 as the Pentium Pro and improved into the Pentium II in 1997.


The Santa Clara design team embarked in 1993 on a successor to the x86 architecture,
codenamed "P7 in a cooperative program with Hewlett-Packard engineers.


The Hillsboro team designed the Willamette processors (code-named P67 and P68) which
were marketed as the Pentium 4.

INTEL CORE

The Core brand was launched on January 6, 2006 by the release of the 32-bit Yonah CPU
Intel's first dual-core mobile (low-power) processor.


Intel Core is a brand name used for various mid-range to high-end consumer and
business microprocessors.


The current lineup of Core processors includes the latest Intel Core i7, Intel Core
i5 and Intel Core i3, and the older Intel Core 2 Solo, Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2
Quad and Intel Core 2 Extreme lines.



Core Duo
Intel Core Duo consists of two cores on one die, a 2 MB L2 cache shared by both cores, and
an arbiter bus that controls both L2 cache and FSB access.



Core Solo

Intel Core Solo uses the same two-core die as the Core Duo, but features only
one active core.


INTEL CORE 2
Core 2 processors were released for desktops and notebooks
Intel Core 2 is a 64-bit processor, supporting Intel 64. Core 2 Duo has an increase in the
amount of Level 2 cache. The new Core 2 Duo has tripled the amount of on-board cache to
6 MB.


Core 2 Solo
The Core 2 Solo, introduced in September 2007, is the successor to the Core Solo and is
available only as an ultra-low-power mobile processor



Core 2 Duo


The majority of the desktop and mobile Core 2 processor variants are Core 2 Duo with two
processor cores on a single chip. These come in a wide range of performance and power
consumption mobile versions and the desktop models.


Core 2 Quad
Core 2 Quad processors are multi-chip modules consisting of two dies similar to those
used in Core 2 Duo, forming a quad-core processor.


The Xeon 32series and 33series processors are mostly identical versions of the desktop
Core 2 Quad processors .



Core 2 Extreme
Core 2 Extreme processors are enthusiast versions of Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Quad
processors

This is similar to earlier Pentium processors labeled as Extreme Edition

Core i3
The Core i3 is the new low end of the performance processor line from Intel, following the
retirement of the Core 2 brand.
The first Core i3 processors were launched on January 7, 2010.

Core i5
Core i5 is based on the Nehalem microarchitecture(similar to i7). The first Core i5 was
introduced on September 8, 2009 and is a mainstream variant of the Core i7

Core i7

Core i7 is the high end of the Core brand, which was introduced in late 2008. The first six-
core processor in the Core lineup was launched on March 16, 2010.
Both the regular Core i7 and the Extreme Edition are advertised as five stars in the Intel








Recent Dealings at Intel:-

On June 27, 2006 Intel agreed to sell the XScale processor business to Marvell Technology
Group for an estimated $600 million.


Intel has made a number of software-related acquisitions of leaders in their respective
industries that also rely on great silicon, including Wind River, Havok.

Acquisition of McAfee - Performance, Power and now Protection

On 19 August 2010, Intel announced its plan to purchase McAfee, The purchase
price was $7.68 billion and new products would be released early in 2011. This is
the largest acquisition ever in information security industry








Intel World Ahead Program

Intels World Ahead Program was established May 2006.

The program designed a platform for low cost laptops that third party
manufacturers could use to produce low cost machines under their own
respective brands.

Classmate PC

The Classmate PC is a reference design by Intel. Intel does
not build the subnotebooks, but does produce the chips that
power them.

It is Intel's entry into the market for low-cost personal
computers for children in the developing world

The device falls into the newly defined category of netbooks

Controversies:-

Intel had also for a number of years been embroiled in litigations. During the late 80s
and 90s Intel sued companies that tried to develop competitor chips to the 80386 CPU.



One lawsuit with Antitrust allegations was filed against Intel in 1991, Also further
claims against Intel related to unfair competition were made by AMD in 2004, and again
in 2005


Intel has also faced complaints of age discrimination in firing and layoffs.


A group called FACE Intel (Former and Current Employees of Intel) claims that Intel
weeds out older employees. Intel was sued by nine former employees, over allegations
that they were laid off because they were over the age of 40.