CLASSIFICAO

E
NOMENCLATURA
Distrbios do crescimento
e da diferenciao celular
Introduo
Manter a populao celular dentro de
limites fisiolgicos
Alteraes no controle do ciclo celular
(sistema regulatrio)
Distrbios do crescimento
Distrbios da diferenciao
*os dois ao mesmo tempo

Alteraes do volume celular
Hipertrofia
Clula sofre estmulo excessivo, aumentando a
sntese de seus constituintes bsicos e seu
volume (o aumento do volume acompanhado
por aumento das funes celulares)
Hipotrofia
Clula com volume menor caso sofra
agresso que resulta em diminuio da
nutrio, do metabolismo e da sntese
necessria para renovao de suas estruturas
Hipertrofia
Clula sofre estmulo excessivo, aumentando
a sntese de seus constituintes bsicos e seu
volume (o aumento do volume
acompanhado por aumento das funes
celulares)

This is cardiac hypertrophy involving the left ventricle. The number of
myocardial fibers does not increase, but their size can increase in
response to an increased workload, leading to the marked thickening of
the left ventricle in this patient with systemic hypertension.
Hipotrofia
Clula com volume menor caso sofra
agresso que resulta em diminuio da
nutrio, do metabolismo e da sntese
necessria para renovao de suas
estruturas

There are some muscle fibers here that show atrophy. The number of cells is the same
as before the atrophy occurred, but the size of some fibers is reduced. This is a response
to injury by "downsizing" to conserve the cell. In this case, innervation of the small fibers
in the center was lost. This is a trichrome stain.
The testis at the right has undergone atrophy and
is much smaller than the normal testis at the left.
This is cerebral atrophy in a patient with
Alzheimer's disease. The gyri are narrowed
and the sulci widened toward to frontal pole.
Here is the centrilobular portion of liver next to a central vein. The cells
have reduced in size or been lost from hypoxia. The pale brown-yellow
pigment is lipochrome that has accumulated as the atrophic and dying
cells undergo autophagocytosis.
Alteraes na taxa de diviso
celular
Hiperplasia
Aumento da taxa de diviso celular
acompanhado de diferenciao normal
Hipoplasia
Diminuio da taxa de proliferao celular
Aplasia
Ausncia de proliferao celular

Hiperplasia
Aumento da taxa de diviso celular
acompanhado de diferenciao normal
The prominent folds of endometrium in this uterus opened to reveal the
endometrial cavity are an example of hyperplasia. Cells forming both
the endometrial glands and the stroma have increased in number. As a
result, the size of the endometrium has increased. This increase is
physiologic with a normal menstrual cycle.
This is an example of prostatic hyperplasia. The normal prostate is about 3 to 4 cm in
diameter. The number of prostatic glands, as well as the stroma, has increased. The
pattern of increase here is not uniform, but nodular. This increase is in response to
hormonal manipulation, but in this case is not a normal physiologic process
Here is one of the nodules of hyperplastic prostate. The cells making up the
glands are normal in appearance, there are just too many of them
Alteraes da diferenciao
celular
Metaplasia
Quando as clulas de um tecido modificam
seu estado de diferenciao normal

(do gr. meta = variao, mudana)
Metaplasia of laryngeal respiratory epithelium has occurred here in a smoker. The chronic irritation
has led to an exchanging of one type of epithelium (the normal respiratory epithelium at the right)
for another (the more resilient squamous epithelium at the left). Metaplasia is not a normal
physiologic process and may be the first step toward neoplasia.
Metaplasia of esophageal squamous mucosa has occurred
here, with gastric type columnar mucosa at the left.
Alteraes do crescimento e da
diferenciao celular
Displasia
Proliferao celular e reduo ou ausncia de
diferenciao (do gr. dys = imperfeito,
irregular)

Neoplasia
Proliferao celular autnoma, geralmente
acompanhada de perda de diferenciao (do
gr. neo = novo)
Displasia
Proliferao celular e reduo ou ausncia de
diferenciao (do gr. dys = imperfeito,
irregular)
This is dysplasia. The normal squamous epithelium at the
left transforms to a disorderly growth pattern at the right.
This is farther down the road toward neoplasia.
Outros distrbios I
Agenesia
Significa uma anomalia congnita na qual um
rgo ou uma parte dele no se forma

Distrofia
Termo empregado para designar vrias
doenas degenerativas sistmicas, genticas
ou no

Outros distrbios II
Ectopia ou hetrotopia
Presena de um tecido normal em localizao
anormal
Hamartias
Crescimentos focais, excessivos, de um determinado
tecido de um rgo; e quando formam tumores so
chamados de hamartomas
Coristia
Consiste em erros locais do desenvolvimento em que
um tecido normal de um rgo cresce em stios onde
normalmente no encontrado