UNIVERSITY KUALA

LUMPUR
MALAYSIA FRANCE
INSTITUTE
Gas Cylinder

Objectives
To identify what type of machine that involve in the
process.

To identity the manufacturing process.
Introduction
Product Gas Cylinder
Purpose Used to store gases at above atmospheric pressure
Manufacturing
Process
Designing

Manufacturing Process
Deep Drawing
Hot Spinning
Tempering
Threading
Blasting
Quality and Safety Inspection
Painting
Material Steel Alloy Disc
Process Flow
Deep Drawing Hot Spinning Tempering
Threading Blasting
Quality and
Safety Inspection
Painting/Tagging
Material
Chromoly(Alloying elements include chromium and
molybdenum)
Heat treated at 730c for 36hr.
Considerably stronger and harder than standard
steel.
Machine [Deep Drawing]
Sheet metal forming process in which a sheet metal
blank is radially drawn into a forming die by the
mechanical action of a punch.
Considered "deep" drawing when the depth of the
drawn part exceeds its diameter.
The flange region (steel disc in the die shoulder area)
experiences a radial drawing stress and a tangential
compressive stress due to the material retention
property.
Die
Steel
Disc
Machine [Hot Spinning]
This process involves spinning a piece of metal on a
lathe and with high heat from a torch the metal is
heated
Once heated, the metal is then shaped as the tool on
the lathe presses against the heated surface forcing it
to distort as it spins
Parts can then be shaped or necked down to a
smaller diameter with little force exerted, providing a
seamless shoulder.

Machine [Tempering]
A process of heat treating, which is used to increase
the toughness of iron-based alloys.
The metal is heated to some temperature below the
critical temperature for a certain period of time, then
allowed to cool in still air or in a chemical bath.

Place in the furnace for tempering process
Heated at 900c for 90min
The cylinder then dunk into chemical bath to cool for
6min
Re-heated to 650c for 90min
Left to cool for 2hr
Machine [Threading]
The process of creating a screw thread
A common method of threading is cutting with taps
and dies.
Machine will make an internal thread at the neck of
the gas cylinder
Machine/Manual [Blasting]
Shotblasting is a method used to clean, strengthen
(peen) or polish metal.
Shot blasting is used in almost every industry that
uses metal, including construction, shipbuilding and
many others.
Airblast machines can take the form of
a blastroom or a blast cabinet, the blast media is
pneumatically accelerated by compressed air and
projected by nozzles onto the component.
In air blasting the blast nozzles can be installed in
fixed positions or can be operated manually or by
automatic nozzle manipulators or robots.
The blasting task determines the choice of the
abrasive media, in most cases any type of dry or free
running abrasive media can be used.



1 ) HYDROSTATI C TEST
2) VI SUAL I NSPECTI ON
Quality and Safety Inspection
1) Hydrostatic Test
Hydrostatic test is used to tested for strength and
leaks.
Using this test helps maintain safety standards and
durability of a vessel over time.
Very important because such containers can explode
if they fail under pressure.

2) Visual Inspection
A common method of quality control, data
acquisition, and data analysis.
Inspection of equipment and structures using either
or all of raw human senses such as vision, hearing,
touch and smell and/or any non-specialized
inspection equipment.

Machine/Manual [Painting/Tagging]
1) Tagging
Hydraulic press indent the shoulder of the cylinder with
legally required marking.
Ex : Manufacturing date and serial number.
2) Painting
A covering that is applied to the surface of an object.
Acts as corrosion resistance.
Tagging
Painting
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY USED
FOR DEEP DRAWING
CAP. (TON) PLATEN
SIZE (mm)
DAY LIGHT
GAP (mm)
MAIN CYL.
STROKE
(mm)
DIE
CUSHION
CAP. (TON)
DIE
CUSHION
CYL.
STROKE
(mm)
DIE
CUSHION
TABLE
(mm)
MOTOR
(H.P.)
250 900x750 750 450 100 300 450x300 40
CAP. (TON) PLATEN SIZE
(mm)
DAY
LIGHT
GAP
(mm)
MAIN CYL.
STROKE
(mm)
DIE
CUSHION
CAP. (TON)
DIE
CUSHION
CYL.
STROKE
(mm)
DIE
CUSHION
TABLE
(mm)
MOTOR
(H.P.)
500 1500x1000 800 500 200 350 900x600 40x2
CAP. (TON) PLATEN SIZE
(mm)
DAY
LIGHT
GAP
(mm)
MAIN CYL.
STROKE
(mm)
DIE
CUSHION
CAP. (TON)
DIE
CUSHION
CYL.
STROKE
(mm)
DIE
CUSHION
TABLE
(mm)
MOTOR
(H.P.)
800 1800x1500 1000 600 320 400 1000x800 60x2
Potential Failure
Potential Failure Fracture Wrinkling
Cause Low Punch Corner Radius
Low Die Corner Radius
Punch nose radius too
small.
Lubricant inadequate or
unsuitable.
Unbalance Flow
Blank shape and thickness
Punch speed
Die cavity depth and radius
Blank holder pressure
Effect Automatically Rejected
High cost loss
Decrease steel strength
Hard to repair

Suggestion
Use the proper tool for the designated task.
Use blank holder and applied pressure constantly throughout the entire
drawing action.(Prevent Wrinkling)
Surface conditions of each component can be tailored to improve
overall performance.
Lubricants reduce the friction between the blank and the punch and die
cavity and can be liquid (wet) or films (dry).
Choosing a flange radius that is just large enough to prevent cracking
can minimize the potential for wrinkles.
Conclusion

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_drawing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_spinning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempering_(metallurgy)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threading_(manufacturing)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_test
http://www.thomasnet.com/articles/custom-manufacturing-
fabricating/wrinkling-during-deep-drawing