INTERNET

Objectives
• Explain the origin of the Internet and describe
how the Internet works.
• Explain the difference between the World
Wide Web and the Internet.
• Describe the major features of the Internet.
• Explain how to connect to the Internet.
 Objectives (cont.)
• Describe a browser.
• Identify browser features.
• Apply and use browser features.
• Describe other Internet features.
 Evolution of the Internet
• Early origins
– Can be traced to the 1960s
– U. S. Department of Defense
– Original name was ARPANET
– Steady growth over the next few years
 Evolution of the Internet (cont.)
• In 1990, ARPANET ceased to exist.
• The World Wide Web came into existence in
1992.
• Mosaic, the first browser, was released in
1993.
– A 340% growth in number of users
Internet Continues to Grow
 Impact on Society
• In 2005, over two-thirds of all Americans
used the Internet.
• The benefits are numerous and widespread.
– Businesses and individuals benefit.
– Disabled also benefit.
Top-Level Domain Abbreviations
 Accessing the Internet
• Getting connected
– Connect from home, school, or business
– Requires an ISP
– Communications software
– Web browser
Connecting to the Internet

What Is the Web?

How the Web Works

Web Pages
Websites
Web Browsers
Connecting to the Internet
Making Connections

To go online your computer must be equipped with a modem, a device that

translates the digital signals from your computer into analog signals that
travel over a standard phone line.
About Modems
Modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator.

Modems were invented to convert

digital computer signals into a form
that allows them to travel over phone
lines.
 DSL

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), a high-speed or

broadband technology, has become increasingly
popular. A DSL line remains connected to the
Internet.

Data is downloaded to your computer at rates up to

1.544 Mbps and you can send data at 128 Kbps.

DSL service requires a digital modem and a network

card in your computer.
a vast computer network linking
smaller computer networks
worldwide.
What Is the Web?

The World Wide Web is a collection

of electronic documents that are
linked together like a spider web.

These documents are stored on

computers called servers located
around the world.

The Web has evolved into a global

electronic publishing medium and
increasingly, a medium for conducting
electronic commerce.
How the Web Works

Web pages are stored on web servers

located around the globe.

Entering the (Uniform Resource Locator)

URL of a web page in your web browser or
clicking a link sends a request to the server
which hosts the page.

The server sends the web page to

your computer and your web
browser displays it on your screen.
Web Pages

A web page (such as the one you are looking at now) is

an electronic document written in a computer language
called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).

Web pages can contain text,

graphics, video, animation, and
sound, as well as interactive
features, such as data entry forms.

Each page has a unique address

known as a URL (Uniform Resource
Locator), which identifies its location
on the server.
 Websites

A website is one or more web pages that

relate to a common theme, such as a
person, business, organization, or a
subject, such as sports.

The first page is called the home page,

which acts like an index, indicating the
content on the site.

From the home page, you can click hyperlinks to access other web pages.
Using Web URLs
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) indicates where the web page is
stored on the Internet.
You need to type a URL exactly for your browser to locate the
desired web page.

Some large websites have multiple URLs that access the same site.

The location box or address field on your browser indicates the

URL of the page you arrived at after clicking a link.
Examples of URLs

ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/
A directory of files at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT) that you can
download

http://www.learnthenet.com
The home page for the Learn the Net website

news:rec.gardens.roses
A newsgroup about rose gardening
Web Browsers

A web browser is a software program used to access the World Wide Web.

A browser (also known as client software)

retrieves data from remote web servers and
displays a web page.

The two most popular browsers come from

Netscape and Microsoft.

Browsers basically work the same way. Once you

know one, you can easily learn the other.
Multimedia on the Web

Sound, video, animation, and 3D interactive video

are referred to as multimedia.

Some multimedia, called streaming media,

plays as soon as you access a web page.

Others require that you download the

multimedia file to your computer first.

Multimedia files often requires that your browser

use a plug-in program.
Plug-Ins

Plug-ins are small software programs

that extend the capabilities of your
browser by enabling it to play sounds
and video clips or do other functions,
such as automatically decompressing
files that you download.

Plug-ins may come with your browser

software or can be downloaded from
websites.

Some plug-ins enable streaming audio or

video, which lets you hear or view a multimedia
file before it has completely downloaded to
your computer.
 Other Internet Services
• Blog or Web log
• Chat rooms
• Instant messaging
• Mailing lists
• Newsgroups and bulletin boards
• Online conferencing
• File Transfer Protocol
 Summary
• No one person or organization can claim
credit for creating the Internet.
• Origins of the Internet can be traced to the
United States Department of Defense.
• The original name for the Internet was
ARPANET.
• Mosaic was the Internet’s first graphical
interface.
 Summary (cont.)
• To connect to the Internet from a
business, school, or other organization,
you probably have a direct connection via
a local area network and a network
interface card.
• Types of Internet connections include
modem and telephone line, DSL, cable
modem, wireless, and fiber optics.
 Summary (cont.)
• To connect to the Internet, you need an Internet
connection, telecommunications software, and a
browser for the Web.
• Interoperability means that all brands, models, and
makes of computers can communicate with each
other.
• A protocol is a standard format for transferring data
between two devices.
 Summary (cont.)
• TCP/IP is the agreed upon international
standard for transmitting data.
• The domain name identifies a site on the
Internet.
• The Internet is made up of many services.
• The Web is an application that makes use of
the Internet.
 Summary (cont.)
• Web pages can be linked through hyperlinks.
• Microsoft Internet Explorer is a popular Web
browser.
• The HTTP protocol defines how Web
messages are formatted and transmitted.
• A Web site address is referred to as the URL or
Universal Resource Locator.
 Summary (cont.)
• Every Web page on the Internet has its own
unique address.
• HTML is a protocol that controls how Web
pages are formatted and displayed.
• A Web page is coded with HTML markup
tags.
 Summary (cont.)
• Other Internet services include blogs, chat
rooms, instant messaging, mailing lists,
newsgroups, bulletin boards, online
conferencing, and FTP.