Hopkin states principle is a rule for

guiding the ship of education so that

it will reach the port designated by
the philosophy of education; it is a
compass by which the path of
education is directed.
Principles are the chief guide to
make teaching and learning
productive and effective. They are
the fundamentals through which we
proceed from one situation to
another.
How are Principles of
Teaching Derived?
Sound Principle of Teaching are
formulated from carefully observed
facts or objectively measured
results which are common to a
series of similar experiences.
1. Through the pooling of the opinions of
experts.
2. Through the comparative studies of the
teaching performance of capable and
inferior teachers.
3. Through Experimental Studies of
teaching and learning in the classroom.
First, principles should serve as the basis
of intelligent and profitable practice.
The nature of the principles is constant
and universal. Their application,
however, varies from one generation to
another, or from one situation to
another within the same generation,
owing to changing conditions.
Secondly, the principles should serve not
only to stimulate, direct, and guide, but
also to interpret school practice, the
principles of teaching as a whole can be
interpreted best in the light of well-
established practices.
Teaching must always must always
be considered as a complex process
that may be better understood by
making a broad and discerning
application of its various principles.
1. Starting principles- these involve the
nature of the child, his psychological and
physiological endowment which make
education possible. Our native equipments
have been called by various names. The most
common terms used are reflexes, instincts,
capacities, impulses, temperaments, and the
like.
2. Guiding Principles- these refer to the
procedure, methods of instruction, or
agglomerations of techniques by which
the pupil and the teacher may work
together toward the accomplishment of
the goals or objectives of education. The
method of teaching involves the activities
of the teacher and the pupils.
3. Ending Principles- these refer to the
educational aims, goals, objectives,
outcomes, purposes, or results of the whole
educational scheme to which teaching and
learning are directed. These educational aims
or objectives may be used as definite,
intelligible principles or guidance by those
who seek to educate effectively.