February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 1

CPET 190
Lecture 7

Problem Solving with MATLAB

Paul Lin
http://www.etcs.ipfw.edu/~lin
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 2
Lecture 7: MATLAB Built-In Functions
7-1 Managing Variables and Workspace
7-2 MATLAB Commands for Working with
Files and the Operating System
7-3 Controlling Command Window
7-4 Time and Date Functions
7-5 Special Variables and Constants
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 3
7-1 Managing Variables and
Workspace
Removing Unneeded Variables
who - List current variables
whos - List current variables, long form
clear - Clear variables and functions
Creating New Variables
length - Length of vector
size - Size of matrix
Saving to and Retrieving from Disk Files
load - Retrieve variables from disks
save - Save workspace variables to disk
pack - Consolidate workspace memory
Workspace display
disp - Display matrix or text
fprintf
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 4
7-1 Managing Variables and
Workspace (continue)
Example 7-1:

%cpet190_ex7_1.m
F = 4000;
T = 1/F;
dt = 0.01*T;
t = 0:dt:2*T;
e1 = 5*sin(2*pi*F*t);
len = length(e1)
size_e1 = size(e1)
e2 = zeros(size(e1));
num = rand(2);
fprintf('The random number
array is %g\n', num);
fprintf('\n');
disp('The random numbers');
disp(num);
whos
save ex7_1
clear
load ex7_1
whos
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 5
7-1 Managing Variables and
Workspace
Example 7-1: Output
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 6
7-2 Working with Files and OS
The commands for working with files and
operating system
Command Purpose
pwd Show present working directory
cd Change current working directory
dir Directory listing (Window OS)
ls Directory Listing (Unix/Linux OS)
delete Delete file
diary Save text of MATLAB session
! Execute OS commands
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 7
7-2 Working with Files and OS
Example 7-2
>> pwd
ans =
C:\Courses\CPET190\matlabex1
90
>> cd ..
>> pwd
ans =
C:\Courses\CPET190
>> dir
. Mlin_CPET190
.. Exs
Quiz Lectures
MATLABExs
Example 7-2 (cont.)
>> diary
>> diary off
>> diary on
>> !time
The current time is:
11:31:05.02
Enter the new time:
Open diary file using
MATLAB M-file editor,
MS NOTEPAD, or MS
Word
help
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 8
7-3 Controlling the Command
Window
clc Clear command window
home Send cursor home (upper-left corner
of command window)
format Set output format
more Control paged output in command
window
echo Echo on/off commands inside script
files, for debugging purposes
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 9
7-4 Time and Date Functions
Function Purpose
date Calendar
clock System clock; accuracy 1/100th of a
second
now Current date and time as serial date
number
datestr Convert a serial date number into the
common date/time, save as a string
cputime How many seconds the MATLAB
session is active; accuracy 1/100 th of
second
etime Elapsed time function
tic Start watch timer function
toc Stop watch timer function
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 10
7-4 Time and Date Functions
Time and Date Functions

Example 7-3:
>> date
ans =
03-Oct-2004
>> now
ans =
7.3222e+005
>> datestr(now)
ans =
03-Oct-2004 12:47:29
>> help datestr
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 11
7-4 Time and Date Functions
(continue)
CLOCK Current date and time as date vector.
CLOCK returns a six element date vector containing the
current time and date in decimal form:

CLOCK = [year month day hour minute seconds]

The first five elements are integers. The seconds element
is accurate to several digits beyond the decimal point.
FIX(CLOCK) rounds to integer display format.

Example:
>> clock
ans =
1.0e+003 *
2.0040 0.0100 0.0030 0.0120 0.0410 0.0071
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 12
7-4 Time and Date Functions (continue)
Example 7-4 measuring program execution time
(accuracy 1/100 th of a second) using cputime
function
t1_1 = cputime;
for i =1:1000
num_array = inv(rand(30));
end
t1_2 = cputime;
time_1000 = t1_2 - t1_1
time_once = time_1000/1000
time_1000 =
0.3610


time_once =
3.6100e-004
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 13
7-4 Time and Date Functions
Example 7-5 measuring program execution time
(accuracy 1/100 th of a second) using tic and toc
functions
tic;
for i =1:1000
num_array = inv(rand(30));
end
toc
elapsed_time =
0.3610
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 14
7-5 Special Variables and Constants
Example 7-6: AC circuit
calculation using
complex numbers.
A RLC circuit is shown on
this slide, find
a) Total impedance Z
b) Voltage and current
across each components
10 V 60Hz
Sine wave
R = 8
ohms
XL = j 6
ohms
Xc = - j2
ohms
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 15
7-5 Special Variables and Constants
(continue)
Example 7-6:
Analysis: Domain knowledge
XL = 2fL, where L is the
inductance in Henry, f is the
frequency of ac source
XC = 1/(2 fC), where C is the
capacitance in Farard
Z = R + j(XL XC) -- total
impedance, where j shows
the imaginary component of
a complex number
I = E/Z, total current
VR = I*R, voltage drop across
resistor
VL = I*XL, voltage drop
across the inductor
VC = I*XC voltage drop
across the capacitor
10 V 60Hz
Sine wave
R = 8
ohms
XL = j 6
ohms
Xc = - j2
ohms
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 16
7-5 Special Variables and Constants
(continue)
Example 7-6: MATLAB
Program
%RLC_1.m
f = 60; R = 8;
% Peak value of the sine wave
e = 10;
XL = j*6; XC = -j*2;
Z = R + (XL+XC)
theta = angle(Z) % 0.4636 pi
% 180 pi
% ----- = ----
% theta_degree theta
theta_degree = (180*theta)/pi
% 26.5615 degree = 0.4636 pi
mag_Z = abs(Z)
Real Axis
Imaginary
Axis
J
R = 8
ohms
XL = j6
ohms
XC = -j2
ohms
Theta
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 17
7-5 Special Variables and Constants
(continue)
Example 7-6:
MATLAB Program (cont.)
%RLC_1.m
%
I = e/Z
I_thea_degree = angle(I) *
(180)/pi
I_mag = abs(I)
VR = I*R
VL = I*XL
VC = I*XC
VR + (VL + VC)% e = 10 volt
VR =
8.0000 - 4.0000i
VL =
3.0000 + 6.0000i
VC =
-1.0000 - 2.0000i
>> VR + (VL + VC)
ans =
10
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 18
Summary
Managing Variables and Workspace
MATLAB Commands for Working with
Files and the Operating System
Controlling Command Windows
Date and Time Functions
Special Variables and Constants
February 7, 2005 Lecture 7 - By Paul Lin 19
Question?
Answers

Email: lin@ipfw.edu