Part 2

Chemistry
The Periodic Table
Groups or families are vertical columns in the periodic
table
The zig- zag line separates metals
from non-metals

Group or

Period
family

With the discovery of isotopes by Mosley in 1909, the Periodic

Table was reorganized by increasing atomic number (number of
protons).
This is modern Periodic Table we use today! 2
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 Lightning Questions
• How many protons and electrons are found in an atom of
Chlorine?
•
• How many neutrons are found in an atom of Sodium (Na) that has
a mass number of 23 amu?
•
• What happens to an atom when you add another proton?
•
• How can you change the mass number of an atom of sodium?
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 Valence Electrons
• These are the electrons found in the last level of an atom.


• They are the MOST important electrons in determining the

reactivity of an atom.
•
• Elements with the same number of valence electrons will
react similarly.
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 Valence Electrons
• Example:
•
 Lithium is #3 in the periodic table. So it has THREE electrons.


 As we had stated before two electrons are in first level, leaving

ONE electron in level 2.


 So Lithium has ONE valence electron.

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 Lightning
Questions!!!
• How many electrons are there in an atom of Sulfur (S)?
•
•
• How many valence electrons are found in an atom of Sulfur?
•
•
• Name an element that would have similar chemical properties to
Sulfur.
•
Click here for: Graphing Lab #2

Click here: Post Lab Clip

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 Ca +2 Cations and
Anions N-3
• Metals lose their valence electrons to form cations.
•
 Click here for: Cation clip
•


• Nonmetals will gain enough electrons to form anions. They will take as
many electronsthey need to get 8 valence electrons.
•

Click here for: Anion clip
•
•
•
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 FCAT
Multiple Choice Sample Questions

1. Mr. Lopez’s science class is playing an educational game to study the periodic
table. He gives Trahn a card with some clues to help him identify a
particular group on the periodic table. Below is Trahn’s card.
2.

3. Which chemical group……

1. Reacts with water to form basic solutions
2. Readily combines in nature to form other compounds
4. 3. Loses 2 outer energy level electrons to form +2
ions


Trahn’s card describes which group on the periodic

table?
F. Group 1
G. Group 2
H. Group 16
I. Group 18
FCAT Science Sample Test Book 2007
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 FCAT
Multiple Choice Sample Questions

 Julio is given an unknown element to study. After carefully analyzing his

element he arrives at the following conclusions.
 His element has a very low density and when it reacts with other
elements it gains 3 electrons to form an anion with a -3 charge.


 In which of the following groups could we find Julio’s element?

•
– A) Group 3
– B) Group 5
– C) Group 13
– D) Group 15
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 FCAT
Multiple Choice Sample Questions

3.
 Suppose a scientist makes an unexpected discovery about
the possible existence of a new element. The finding does not fit
well with the initial hypothesis. The scientist is a member of a team
of researchers. If the team behaves according to the best
principles of scientific inquiry, which of the following would NOT
occur?


 A) rejection of the finding as being impossible.

 B) willingness to repeat the studies that led to the finding for
 confirmation.
 C) urging the scientist to communicate findings to other
 researchers.
 D) insistence on reviewing all data carefully and
systematically for any errors.

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 Group Discussion Questions
of Key Concepts

1. What are groups and families in the periodic table?

2.
3. What are valence electrons and how are they important in
predicting an element’s physical and chemical
properties?
4.
5. Identify the different sections of the periodic table and predict the
physical and chemical properties of elements in those
sections.
6.
7. What information would you need in order to predict an unknown
element ‘s location in the periodic table?
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