Ports on PC

By:
Adnan Rabbani
Sohail Naseem
Tanweer Rashid
Introduction to computer

Computer hardware can be break down in five primary
parts:

CPU
Input
Output
Working memory
Permanent memory

Mother Board
It is a printed circuit board, on which multiple chips,
ports (plug ins), and other electronic components are
mounted.

In the PC, data are exchanged continuously between
these components.

All data exchange is done on the system board, which
thus is the most important component in the PC
The main board components(1/2)
ROM-chips with BIOS and other programs

CMOS, storing system setup data
The CPU
L2-cache
Chip sets with I/O controllers
RAM (Random Access Memory) mounted in SIMM
or DIMM chips

Cards to connect with keyboard and mouse
Serial and parallel ports
Connectors to disk drives and EIDE drive (hard
disk, CD-ROM etc.)
Slots for expansion cards
Jumpers to adjust voltage, system bus speed,
clock, etc.
Contacts to reset HD activity, speaker, etc.
The main board components(2/2)
All Ports on Mother Board
What are Ports?
On computer, a port is generally a specific place for
being physically connected to some other device,
usually with a socket or plug which we call
Connectors

What are Ports?
What are Connectors?
A connector is any connector used within computers or to
connect computers to networks, printers or other devices.


Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port

Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port
A universal serial bus port, introduced around 1997

Its used to connect all kinds of external devices, such
as external hard drives, printers, mice, scanners and
more.

There are normally two half-inch long USB ports on
the back of computers built since 1998.

Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port
If you use a USB hub, you can connect as many as 127
devices to a USB port.

It can transfer data to a speed of 12 megabits per
second, but those 127 devices have to share that speed.

Since USB-compliant devices can draw power from a
USB port only a few power drawing devices can
connect at the same time without the computer system
complaining.


USB 2.0 connectors
In 2003, USB 2.0 connectors were introduced on
computers.

These transfer data at 480 Mbps.

Older USB devices work with USB 2.0 ports, but at 12
Mbps.

USB 2.0 devices also work with older USB ports, again
at the lower speed.


USB 3.0
USB 3.0
On September 18, 2007, Pat Gelsinger demonstrated
USB 3.0 at the Intel Developer Forum.

This move effectively opened the spec to hardware
developers for implementation in future products.

The first certified USB 3.0 consumer products were
announced January 5, 2010, at the Las Vegas Consumer
Electronics Show (CES), including two motherboards,
by ASUS and Gigabyte Technology
Video DB15 Port

Video DB15 Port
This connector is used to attach a computer display
monitor to a computers video card.

The connector has 15 holes.

It sort of looks like a serial port connector, however
that port has pins not holes in it.

Power Connector

Power Connector
Used for power plug

This three-pronged plug looks like a recessed power
plug.

It connects to the computers power cable that plugs
into a power bar or wall socket.

Optical Audio (Used by the TOSLINK Cable)

Optical Audio (Used by the TOSLINK Cable)
This is an optical (not electrical) cable to connect your
computer to a set of high-end speakers.
The digital format is S/PDIF, which in the PC world is
often sent over a regular electrical cable (usually with
an RCA phono plug).
The geeky advantage of the optical cable (note the red
glow) is that its totally immune to electromagnetic
interference--long speaker wires can act as an antenna,
picking up the stray 60hz hum that pervades the
universe.

Coaxial Digital (S/PDIF)

Coaxial Digital (S/PDIF)
S/PDIF is a Data Link Layer protocol and a set of
Physical Layer specifications for carrying digital audio
signals between devices and stereo components over
either optical or electrical cable.
The name stands for Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect
Format (more commonly known as Sony Philips
Digital InterFace), Sony and Philips being the primary
designers of S/PDIF.
S/PDIF is standardized in IEC 60958 where it is known
as IEC 60958 type II.

HDMI Port
HDMI Port
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a
compact audio/video interface for transmitting
uncompressed digital data.
It represents a digital alternative to consumer analogue
standards, such as radio frequency (RF) coaxial cable,
composite video, S-Video, SCART, component video, D-
Terminal, or VGA.
HDMI connects digital audio/video sources - such as set-
top boxes, up convert DVD players, HD DVD players, Blu-
ray Disc players, personal computers (PCs), video game
consoles such as the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, and AV
receivers

DVI Port

DVI Port
DVI stands for Digital Video Interface.
DVI is a new form of video interface technology made
to maximize the quality of flat panel LCD monitors
and high-end video graphics cards.
It is a replacement for the P&D Plug & Display
standard, and a step up from the digital-only DFP
format for older flat panels.
DVI is becoming increasingly popular with video card
manufacturers, and most cards purchased include
both a VGA and a DVI output port.

S-VHS

S-VHS
S-VHS (Super VHS) is an improved version of the VHS
standard for consumer video cassette recorders.


It is used to connect to a TV / Monitor.

Ethernet or Network Port

Ethernet or Network Port
The port is used to connect network cabling to a
computer.
This looks like an oversized North American telephone
jack.
Cable plugged into this port can lead either to a
network hub
They can either be built-in to or appear on the exposed
part of an Ethernet PCI card, which inserts into a slot
inside the computer.

The RJ45 Ethernet Port
The RJ45 Ethernet Port
LAN or (Local Area Network) uses a CAT5 cable
and a RJ45 connection. The CAT 5 cable is also
called the Ethernet Cable.

Network connection generally uses a 10/100 Mbps
speed. This means it has two different speeds 10
Mbps and 100 Mbps.

SATA
SATA
The serial ATA or SATA computer bus, is a storage-
interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass
storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical
drives.
The SATA host adapter is integrated into almost all
modern consumer laptop computers and desktop
motherboards.
Serial ATA was designed to replace the older ATA (AT
Attachment) standard
SATA offers several compelling advantages over the
older parallel ATA

Serial Port

Serial Port
A serial port is used to connect external modems or an
older computer mouse to the computer.
Serial RS-232-C(this is a standard for serial binary
communication by the Electronic Industries Allianc [EIA],
where RS is an abbreviation for RETMA Standard
promulgated in 1969 by RETMA, which was a precursor of
the EIA)
It comes in two versions a 9-pin version or a 25-pin model.
The 9-pin is found on most newer computers.
Data travels over a serial port at 115 kilobits per second.


DB25 Parallel Port

DB25 Parallel Port
A parallel port is used to connect external devices such
as scanners and printers.

The 25-pin port is sometimes it is called a printer port.

Its also known by the gruesome named: IEEE 1284-
compliant Centronics (Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers)port.

The port is sometimes also called more simply a
printer port.

PS/2 Port
PS/2 Port
A PS/2 port, sometimes called a mouse port, was
developed by IBM.

It is used to connect a computer mouse or keyboard.

Most computers come with two PS/2 ports.

The Firewire IEEE 1394 Port
The Firewire IEEE 1394 Port
A type of cabling technology for transferring data to
and from digital devices at high speed. FireWire are
typically faster than those that connect via USB.

FireWire 400(IEEE 1394a, or Sony i.Link with no power
to devices); FireWire 800 (IEEE 1394b).

100 Mbps,200 Mbps, or 400 Mbps for FireWire
400;800 Mbps for FireWire 800.

Industry Standard Architecture
(ISA)bus, or PC bus
One 8-bit ISA slot and five 16-bit Extended
ISA slots
Industry Standard Architecture
(ISA)bus, or PC bus
8 or 16 bits

4.77 MBps for 8-bit ISA; 8.66 MBps for 16-bit ISA

Internal Interface cards for most PC peripherals

Located on the motherboard; 1 interface card per slot;
main bus for the original IBM PC in 1981 and modified
for IBM PC/XT in 1983
Extended Industry Standard
Architecture (EISA) bus, or AT bus
One 8-bit ISA slot and five 16-bit Extended
ISA slots
Industry Standard Architecture
(ISA)bus, or PC bus
32 bits

33 MBps

Internal Interface cards for most PC peripherals

Located on the motherboard; 1 interface card per slot;
main bus for IBM PC/AT in 1984; PCI replaced it
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP, or
Advanced Graphics Port) bus
AGP connector on a motherboard inside a
computer
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP, or
Advanced Graphics Port) bus
32 bits (64-bit AGP is also made)

266 MBps for AGP; 533 MBps for AGP 2X; 1066 MBps
for AGP 4X; 2133 MBps for AGP 8X.

Monitor with high-end graphics for 3D and gaming.

Located on the motherboard.
Peripheral Component Interconnect
(PCI) bus
3 PCI slots (above in white) on a
motherboard inside a computer
an interface card that plugs
into a PCI slot
Peripheral ComponentInterconnect
(PCI) bus
32 bits or 64 bits for variants.

133 MBps to 2035 MBps for variants.

Internal Interface cards for most PC peripherals

Located on the motherboard
Enhanced Integrated Device
Electronics(EIDE)
Two EIDE male connectors (right; one
white and the other one blue just below it)
on a motherboard
An EIDE female connector on a
ribbon cable
Enhanced Integrated Device
Electronics(EIDE)
16 bits

133 MBps

Internal floppy or hard or optical disk

40 wires
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