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Air Pollution is an ever rising threat to the health of planet earth.This presentation describes various methods available to control the emission of gaseous pollutants into air.
Air Pollution is an ever rising threat to the health of planet earth.This presentation describes various methods available to control the emission of gaseous pollutants into air.
Air Pollution is an ever rising threat to the health of planet earth.This presentation describes various methods available to control the emission of gaseous pollutants into air.
Type Of Systems Absorbing units 1. The technology is based on the removal of air pollutants by inertial or diffusional impaction or absorption into liquid solvent. 2. Objectionable components, are transferred to the liquid phase. Adsorbing units 1. Adsorption is defined as the collection and concentration of a substance onto a solid surface from a gas . 2. The equilibrium relationships associated with adsorption, 3. The adsorption process is exothermic.
Thermal oxidization In this gases are oxidized by burning them at high temperatures. Harmful gases like CO are oxidized in their higher forms.
Packed Bed Scrubbers a chamber containing layers of variously shaped packing material, such as Whig rings, spiral rings, that provide a large surface area for liquid-particle contact. The liquid coats the packing and establishes a thin film. Packed Bed Scrubbers Gases Removed Removal of inorganic fumes, vapors, and gases (e.g., chromic acid, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, chlorides, fluorides, and SO,); volatile organic compounds (VOC);
Achievable Limits Inorganic Gases: Control device vendors estimate that removal efficiencies range from 95 to 99 % . VOC: Removal efficiencies for gas absorbers vary for each pollutant-solvent system and with the type of absorber used. Packed Bed Scrubbers Parameters Air Flow: gas flow rates for packed-bed wet scrubbers are 0.25 to 35 standard cubic meters per second (sm3/sec) Temperature : 4 to 38 C for gas absorption applications, Pollutant Loading: Typical gaseous pollutant concentrations range from 250 to 10,000 ppmv. Create liquid disposable problem High maintenance cost Particulate materials may block the bed Capable of achieving high Mass transfer efficiencies Low capital cost Small space required Adsorbing systems
Bulk gas 1. Mass transfer from bulk to outer surface 2. diffusion through the passages within the particle 3. adsorption on the internal particle surfaces 1 2 3 Adsorbent Three stage process NOTE :Often, one of the transfer processes will be significantly slower than the other two, and will control the overall transfer rate
Adsorbing Systems Types Of Adsorbent Systems Fluidized bed system - the combination of high gas rate and small adsorbent particle size results in suspension of the adsorbent, giving it many of the characteristics of a fluid Continuous moving bed system- adsorbent mechanically falls by gravity through the rising stream of gas Unsteady state fixed bed system ( simple, economical and most widely used)- adsorbent spread over fixed bed and gas passed over it. Unsteady because conc. of pollutant in effluent changes drastically. Adsorbing systems Types Of Adsorbents Activated Carbon used mainly for removal of volatile organic compounds (V.O.C) Siliceous adsorbent- Silica Gel Metal oxides Alumina (gas drying purposes) Thermal Oxidization Organic Loading Measurable unit - The LEL( lower explosive limit) of a stream is the lowest organic concentration in a stream that would, in the presence of an ignition source, yield a combustible mixture. For example benzene, which at 12,000 ppm, is 100% LEL. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) states that equipment can operate, without LEL monitors or controls, if the LEL is less than 25% LEL. For benzene then, 25% LEL is equal to 3,000 ppm. Thermal Oxidization 1. Catalytic recuperative oxidizers
2. Thermal recuperative oxidizer : burning of gases by providing sufficient retention time at specific temp. (usually 1/2 second)
Gas is pressurized Heat exchanger (heated) Reaction chamber Thank you