WHAT IS MOTIVATION?

WHAT IS MOTIVATION?
Motivation is a psychological feature that arouses an
indivisual to act towards a desired goal and
elicits,controls, and sustains certain goal-directed
behaviors. It can be considered a driving force; a
psychological one that compels or reinforces an
action toward a desired goal.
For example, hunger is a motivation that elicits a
desire to eat. Motivation is the purpose or
psychological cause of an action
Theories of motivation
Maslows hierarchy of needs.
Theory X and Y
Two factor theory.
Mc clellands theory of needs.
Traditional.
Maslows hierarchy of needs.
Needs were categories as five levels of lower-higher-order needs.Individual must
satisfy lower-level needs before they can satisfy higher order needs.Motivating a
person depends on knowing at what level that a person is on the hierarchy.


Hunger,thirst,shelter
Security and safety from physical
and emotional harm
Affection,acceptance and
friendship.
Self respect,autonomy,status
recognition.
Self fulfillment or aim to
become.
Theory X and Theory Y.
Douglas Mcgerogor

Theory x
Negitive view of
human behaviour
Assumption that employee dislikes the
work,are lazy,dislike the responsibility.
Theory y
Positive view of
human behaviour.
Assumption that employees like
work,are creative and seek
responsibility.
THEORY Y
THEORY X
Participative decision
making,responsibility,good
group relations.
Mc Clellands theory of need.
Theory focuses on three needs-

Need for
achievement.
It is the drive to excel,to achieve in relation to a set of standards.
High achievers perform best when probability of success is 0.5 as they dislike
gambling with high odds as they are not satisfied with achievement by
chance,similarly they dislike low odds as its no challenge to their skills.
Need for
power.
It is the need to make others behave in a way in which they would have not
behaved otherwise.
Need for
affiliation.
It is the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relations.
Motivation at work place!
Motivation by job design
(Job characteristics model)
- developed by J.richard Hackman and Greg
Oldhma.(as per theory job can be described in
five core job diamentions)-
1. Skill variety- It is the degree to which a job requires a variety of different
activities so worker can use different skills.
2. Task identity-It is a degree to which a job scoration of whole and identifiable
piece of work.
3. Task significance-degree to which job has substantial impact on lives or work
of other people.
4. Autonomy-Is the degree to which a job provides substantial
freedom,independence and discretion to indivisual in scheduling the work
and proceture to carry out.
5. Feed-back-indivisual obtaining direct and clear information of effectiveness
of his or her performance.


Re-designing of jobs.
EVERY-DAY THE SAME THING.
If the worker is asked to repeat the same
job/task everyday without any change he gets
de-motivated and desire to do same task
again falls.
Employee who keeps
repeating the task.
Re-design the job.

Job Rotation.
Job enlargement.
Job enrichment.
Flextime.
Job shareing
Reward to motivate employee.

What to pay-
1. Identify what to pay depending upon worth of job and market compitetiveness.
2. Paying more buys better qualified,highly motivated employees who work longer with a firm.


How to pay-
1. Price rate pay- Paid fixed amount for per unit of production,thus with
increase in production the pay increases.
2. Bonuses- Amount exceeding the basic salary.Part of firms profit being shared
with employees.
3. Merit based pay- These are performance based pay plans and these aim to
divide employees on basis to contribution to company on basis of their work
performance, Higher the performance better the pay.
4. Profit sharing- Companies provide employees share of earned profits as to
motivate them to strive for more profits.

Variable
structure

Rational Approach of motivation.
1. Set goals/take feedback-
The employees should be set with rational goals and should support feedback to trace
achievement of such goals.

2. Participate in decision making-
Employees should effectively participate in decision making with management as it increases
their job satisfaction ,as employees feel that they are getting recognized at work place.
3. Link rewards to performance-
Rewards should be proportional to performance and further higher the performance hiigher the
reward.
4. Recognize the needs and culture-
Employees have different needs,dont treat them alike.
THE END
Motivated
employee.
transformation