Introduction

Conventional Breaking System

Regenerative Breaking & Its Working
Kinetic Energy Recovery System(K.E.R.S)
Discharge mode of K. E. R. S
Benefits of Regenerative Breaking System
Limitations of Regenerative Breaking System
Conclusion
Reference





What are brakes?
A brake is a device that decelerates a
moving object / prevents an object
from accelerating.
Brakes use friction to convert kinetic
energy into heat
Guiding principle- kinetic energy
increases quadratic ally with velocity -
K = mv
2
/ 2
When the brake is pushed the caliper
containing piston pushes the pad
towards the brake disc which slows the
wheel down.
Convectional braking system
Conventional braking
systems use friction to
counteract the forward
momentum of a moving
car.
As the brake pads rub
against the wheels,
excessive heat energy is
created.
This heat energy
dissipates into the air,
wasting up to 30% of the
car's generated power
Regenerative braking
Regenerative braking technology funnels the energy created by the
braking process back into the system in the form of charging the
battery for further use
In a regenerative braking system the energy normally lost in the
braking process is transferred to the generator from the rotating axel
and then transferred to the battery, thus saving energy
How does it work
The system that drives the vehicle does the majority of the braking. When the driver steps
on the brake pedal of an electric or hybrid vehicle, these types of brakes put the vehicle's
electric motor into reverse mode, causing it to run backwards, thus slowing the car's
wheels. While running backwards, the motor also acts as an electric generator, producing
electricity that's then fed into the vehicle's batteries.
Vehicles driven by electric
motors use the motor as a
generator when using
regenerative braking: it is
operated as a generator during
braking and its output is
supplied to an electrical load;
the transfer of energy to the
load provides the braking
effect.
Many modern hybrid and
electric vehicles use this
technique to extend the range
of the battery pack.

v v
Motor
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
Motor
Transmission
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
Motor
Transmission
IC Engine
Generator Battery
Wheel
Wheel
Scenario 1: Low speed - Power is
provided by electric motor using energy
supplied by the DC battery
Scenario 2: Braking Kinetic energy is
converted to electric energy during
regenerative braking by electric motor
and supplied to battery.
Scenario 3: High speed Power is
provided by IC engine and electric motor
via generator. Generator also charge
battery during high speed.
Over view
Kinetic energy recovery system
The device recovers the
kinetic energy that is
present in the waste heat
created by the cars braking
process.
The concept of transferring
the vehicles kinetic energy
using Flywheel energy
storage was postulated by
physicist Richard Feynman
in the 1950s
How does K. E.R. S work



When the driver brakes most of the kinetic energy is still converted to
heat energy but a portion is treated differently and is stored up in the
car.
When the driver presses his boost button that stored energy is
converted back into kinetic energy
The mechanical KERS system utilises flywheel technology to recover
and store a moving vehicles kinetic energy which is otherwise wasted
when the vehicle is decelerated.
Flywheel of K. E . R. S
Made of steel and carbon fibre
which rotates at over 60,000 RPM.
60 kW power transmission in
either storage or recovery
400 kJ of usable storage
Discharge mode of K. E. R. S

During this stage when the driver pushes the boost button the flywheel
acts as a propulsion motor and discharges the energy to the wheels
The Flywheel rotor is decelerated during boost discharge mode and the
energy is converted back.
Flywheel acts as a generator and sending energy back to electric motor,
which works as propulsion motor.

Benefits of regenerative braking

Reduction of pollution
Increase in engine life
Breaking is not total loss
Wear Reduction
Reduction in pollution
Railway vehicle The Delhi Metro saved around 90,000 tons of carbon
dioxide (CO
2
) from being released into the atmosphere by regenerating
112,500 megawatt hours of electricity through the use of regenerative
braking systems

Regenerative brakes have been able to improve the performance of engines.
This has been exhibited in the Motor sport industry The system used by F! cars
is called K. E. R. S (Kinetic Energy Recovery System)

Increase engine efficiency
Breaking is not total loss
Conventional brakes apply friction to convert a vehicles kinetic energy
into heat. In energy terms, therefore, braking is a total loss: once heat is
generated, it is very difficult to reuse. The regenerative braking system,
however, slows a vehicle down in a different way.

Wear Reduction
An electric drive train also allows for regenerative breaking which
increases Efficiency and reduces wear on the vehicle brakes.
Limitations of regenerative braking
system
The regenerative braking effect drops off at lower speeds, therefore the
friction brake is still required in order to bring the vehicle to a complete
halt.
The friction brake is a necessary back-up in the event of failure of the
regenerative brake.
Most road vehicles with regenerative braking only have power on some
wheels (as in a 2WD car) and regenerative braking power only applies to
such wheels, so in order to provide controlled braking under difficult
conditions (such as in wet roads) friction based braking is necessary on the
other wheels
Conclusion
The energy efficiency of a conventional brake is only about 20
percent, with the remaining 80 percent of its energy being
converted to heat through friction. The miraculous thing
about regenerative braking is that it may be able to capture as
much as half of that wasted energy and put it back to work.
This reduces fuel consumption by 10 to 25 percent.
Hence regenerative braking plays an important role in fuel
consumption and also in the field of speed
Thank you