T

r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Chapter 3
Radian Measure and
the Unit Circle
Approach

T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Chapter 3
Overview
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Chapter 3
Objectives
Convert between degrees and radians.
Calculate arc length and the area of a circular sector.
Relate angular and linear speeds.
Draw the unit circle and label the sine and cosine values
for special angles (in both degree and radians.)
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Section 3.1
Radian Measure
Skills Objectives
Calculate the radian
measure of an angle.
Convert between degrees
and radians.
Calculate trigonometric
function values for angles
given in radians.

Conceptual Objectives
Understand that degrees
and radians are both
measures of angles.
Realize that radian
measure allows us to write
trigonometric functions as
functions of real numbers.

T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Radian Measure
To correctly calculate radians from the
formula , the radius and arc length
must be expressed in the same units.
=
s
r
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Your Turn: Calculate Radian Measure
What is the measure (in radians) of a central
angle u that intercepts an arc of length 12 mm
on a circle with radius 4 cm?
Solution: First, convert 4 cm to 40 mm.
Next, calculate u = ~ 0.3.

40
12
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Converting Between Degrees and Radians
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Your Turn : Converting Between Degrees
and Radians
Convert 60 to radians.

Solution: u
r
= 60 = or 1.047.

Convert to radians.

Solution: u
d
= = 270.


180
t
3
t
=
s
r
t
t 180
2
3
-
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Special Angles in the Unit Circle
We can now draw the unit circle with special
angles in degrees and radians.
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Section 3.2
Arc Length and Area of a Circular
Section
Skills Objectives
Calculate the length of an
arc along a circle.
Find the area of a circular
sector.
Solve application
problems involving
circular arc lengths and
sectors.

Conceptual Objectives
Understand that to use
the arc length formula,
the angle measure
must be in radians.

T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Arc Length
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Your Turn: Calculating Arc Length
In a circle with radius 15 inches, an arc is
intercepted by a central angle with measure .
Find the arc length.
Solution: s = 15 = 5t inches.

In a circle with radius 20 m, an arc is intercepted
by a central angle with measure 113. Find the
arc length. Approximate the arc length to the
nearest meter.
Solution: s = 39 m
3
t
|
.
|

\
|
3
t
180
113 20
t
- -
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Find the area of a slice of pizza (cut into 8 equal pieces)
if the entire pizza has a 16-inch diameter.

Solution: r = 8, u
r
= , so area = ~ 25 in.
2
.

Calculating Area of a Circular Sector
4
t
2
8
4 2
1
- -
t
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Section 3.3
Linear and Angular Speeds
Skills Objectives
Calculate linear
speed.
Calculate angular
speed.
Solve application
problems involving
angular and linear
speeds.
Conceptual Objectives
Relate angular speed to
linear speed.
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Linear and Angular Speed
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Your Turn: Linear Speed
A car travels at a constant speed around
a circular track with circumference equal to
3 miles. If the car records a time of 12
minutes for 7 laps, what is the linear speed
in miles per hour?

Solution: t = 12 minutes, or hour and
s = 7 X 3.

V = = = 105 mph.

5
1
t
s
2 .
21
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Relationship Between Linear and
Angular Speeds
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Section 3.4
Definition 3 of Trigonometric Functions:
Unit Circle Approach
Skills Objectives
Draw the unit circle
illustrating the special
angles and label the sine
and cosine values.
Determine the domain
and range of trigonometric
(circular) functions.
Classify circular functions
as even or odd.
Conceptual Objectives
Understand that trigonometric
functions using the unit circle
approach are consistent with both
of the previous definitions (right
triangle trigonometry and
trigonometric functions of
nonacute angles in the Cartesian
plane).
Relate x-coordinates and y-
coordinates of points on the unit
circle to the values of cosine and
sine functions.
Visualize periodic properties of
trigonometric (circular) functions.

T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

The Unit Circle
T
r
i
g
o
n
o
m
e
t
r
y
,

T
h
i
r
d

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

b
y

C
y
n
t
h
i
a

Y
.


Y
o
u
n
g
,

2
0
1
2

J
o
h
n

W
i
l
e
y

a
n
d

S
o
n
s
.


A
l
l

r
i
g
h
t
s

r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.

Common Mistake: Using the Wrong Mode
on a Calculator
Many calculators automatically reset to degree
mode after every calculation, so be sure to
always check what mode the calculator
indicates.