Source of Short Term

Finance
BALU.J
Short Term Finance
Borrowing or lending of funds for a short period of time.
Usually one year or less in duration.
Short term finance is secured for financing the current assets.
Bank Overdraft
Treasury bill(T-Bill)
Trade Creditors
Customers Advances
Finance Companies
Commercial Paper
Certificate of Deposit
Bank Overdraft
Overdraft is a temporary facility that bank provides to its customers in
which the customer is permitted to draw money from banks in excess of
the balance in their bank accounts.
You are charged interest based on the amount overdrawn and the
length of time overdrawn.
Advantages Flexible,Quick
Disadvantage Cost,Recall
Customers Advances
Customers often finance the seller through advance payment for
the goods.

The prices of the goods to be purchased are paid in advance, i.e.
before the receipt of the goods.

Trade Creditors
Trade creditors are probably the most important single source of
short term credit. Trade creditors are those business establishments
which sell good to others on credit. That is, they do not require
payment on the spot; rather they are to be paid after some days
from the date of sale.

Credit granted to manufactures and traders by the suppliers of raw
materials.

Usually for 30-90 days.
Treasury bill(T-Bill)
Short Term Government Security
They are promissory Notes issued at discount and for a fixed period
Central\State Govt. (RBI)
First issued in India in 1917
Usually sold at auction on discount basis.
Maturity 91- 364 days


Sold to Public & Banks

Risk is Low.

Yield is lower than on other securities.

Treasury Notes Long term 1- 10 yrs.

Commercial Paper
It is an Unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a
promissory note.
Introduced in India in 1990
It was introduced in India with a view to enabling highly rated
corporate borrowers to diversify their sources of short term borrowing
and to provide an additional instrument to investors.
Who can issue
Corporates
Primary Dealers(PDs)
All India Financial Institutions

Commercial papers are a form of short-term borrowing facility with
maturities from seven to 364 days.

Companies can thus obtain unsecured finance directly from investors.
Bypassing banks and bond markets, although banks are often used as
agents to place the paper.

Who can Invest
Indiviuals,banking companies, other corporate bodies

Requirements
Credit Rating Serviice (CRISIL) minimum credit A-2



Period of Maturity
7-1yr

There is no collateral on the debt,Commerical paper is only an
option for large companies having high level credit rating from
recognised credit rating agency (S&P).

Commercial Banks
The commercial banks of a country generally supply funds to the
business concerns on a short-term basis.

Either with security or without security if the customer is financially
established.

The banks, collecting scattered savings of the people, invest a
portion of the deposits in the business for a short period of time.

Certificate of deposit (CD)
Similar to savings account
CDs are a form of time deposit
A certificate of Deposit is a relatively low risk debt instrument
purchased directly through a commercial bank of savings and loan
institution.
CD indicates that the investors has deposited a sum of money for
specified rate of interest.
CDs are not publicly traded securities.you can purchase CDs
through a stockbroker. Issued by Bank.
Interest on CDs not exempt from States and local taxes.
You can look but cant touch before maturity.
Higher rates of return
Money removed subject to penalty.
3 Months 7yrs
Banks have to maintain appropriate reserve requirement (CRR)

Types of CDs
Traditional CD - receive fixed interest rate over a specific period of
time.(Half penalty)
Bump-Up CD Allows you to swap your CDs interest rate for a
higher one if rates on new CDs of similar duration rise during your
investment period.
Liquid CD Allows to withdraw part of your deposit without paying a
penalty.
Callable CD Bank that issues this type can recall it after asset
period.


Factors or Brokers
In one basic respect, factoring is different from other forms of
financing. In other forms funds are granted to one individual largely
on the basis of his property. Factoring is based on a different
philosophy.

In considering a companys request for funds we are more
interested in the men behind the company their ability, their hopes
and aspirations for the future.

Miscellaneous Sources
There are many more sources from which can secure funds for short
period. They arefriend and relatives, public deposits, loan from
officer and the company directors and foreign exchange banks

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