DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OF

PERMANENT-MAGNET
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR FOR
WIND-TURBINE APPLICATIONS
PROJECT GUIDE:
DR. R. BHARANI KUMAR,
PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF EEE.

By
M. Vishnu Raajan,
M.E-PED,
Department of EEE.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
The past few decades have witnessed rapid development in the use of
alternative energy resources for electrical power generation
It plays the key role in rural electrification and industrialization
programs
The market potential of wind energy generators is considerable in
view of the surging power demands in India(Kazi et al 2011)
GEARED GENERATOR AND DIRECT DRIVE
SYSTEMS
To achieve constant speed manufacturers used a multi stage gear box and a
standard squirrel cage generator
Disadvantages of geared wind turbine systems are (K.Ahsanullah 2012)
Limited capability of supplying reactive power(DFIG)
External circuit between the stator and the grid to limit start up current
Requirement of slip ring and brushes
moreover, the geared-system has other issues such as short life span of
the gear box and frequent maintenance.


CONTD.,
The advantages of direct-drive wind turbines are (C. Yicheng 2010)
Simplified drive train
High overall efficiency
High reliability
Maximum Energy capture
For a direct-drive wind turbines, the generator must have low
rotational speed. Hence number of pole pairs have to be
increased in relation with the following equation.
CONTD.,
Due to increase in pole number there will be very large leakage
flux in induction machines
Also when compared to other machines pm machines have many
advantages

PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINES FOR DIRECT
DRIVES

PM MACHINE TOPOLOGIES
According to the direction of flux path,
Radial flux permanent magnet machine(RFPM)
Axial flux permanent magnet machine(AFPM)
Transversal-flux PM machines
The PMSG can also be categorized according to magnet structures
Surface permanent magnet machine
Interior permanent magnet machine

RFPM
Efficiency will be higher than induction machine as it does not
have rotor windings(H.li and (Z. Chen 2008,C. Tze-fun 2007)
It has long end windings(D/L)
Flux density will be reduced due to large air gap
Better choice for large scale
AFPM
This type of machine usually requires larger magnet than previous type hence
leading to higher magnet costs (C. Yicheng et al 2005)
There are many types of configuration
Single stator and rotor: lowest torque density
Double rotor: Compact because of elimination of yoke
Double stator: Higher torque density
Toroidal (TORUS) : This design will have two rotor and single stator structure
Slot-less construction and requires large number of magnets
IMAGES

ADVANTAGES OF AFPM OVER RFPM
Higher power density, hence requires less core material
They have planer and easily adjustable air gaps
The noise and vibration are less
Low cogging torque in the slot-less structure
LITERATURE REVIEW
(Haung et al 1998) have reported some design features for both
radial flux and axial flux machines
He derived the general sizing equation and power density equation for
PM machines, which was a systematic method comparing the capabilities
of various topology machines
They used the same sizing equation for AFPM but did not optimize the
design of the machine
CONTD.,
(Aydin et al 2001) have developed optimum-sized AFPM machines for
both TORUS and AFIR
In the design they have considered only two parameters i.e., diameter ratio and
air gap.
Their optimization was done through the shape modification
However, for proper design multiple parameters must be considered
Also shape-modification are incapable in multi-objective optimization problems

CONTD.,

(Satyam kumar upadhyay 2001) have implemented the model in
MATLAB/Simulink for the power range of 2MW(VSWTs)
He increased the power density by maximum power point tracking concept in terms of
the adoption of the generator rotor speed according to instantaneous wind speed control
strategies for regulating the voltage
Used pitch mechanism for the range beyond the rated voltage and current of the wind
turbine.
Also by controlling the modulation indices of the PWM inverter for maintaining the DC
link voltage

CONTD.,
(Sandra Eriksson 2007) have constructed a 12KW PM direct
driven synchronous generator
Tested the simulations based on finite element method
Especially he focused on harmonics,
There were several sources of errors found in the measured data after the
construction of generator
In future experiments can be performed for varying speed and loads

CONTD.,
(Xu yang 2012) have focused on the design of permanent generator in the
range of 5MW
He just focused on the design and control issues for the AFPM
(Z.Zhang 2012) have designed a machine for 5MW offshore applications
He found that iPMG with 1-stator 2-rotor configuration is recommended as the
optimum large diameter generator
Because of relatively lower active mass, lower cost of active materials and
higher efficiency


PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED
Most of the papers, design and optimisation for higher power
applications in the range of MW were done
Also in the optimisation of lower power machines they have taken
parameters like sizing, power density, THD, and flux density
There are certain parameters like air gap, cogging torque for the
low power machine have not brought up for the range of 3KW.
COCLUSION

REFERENCES

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