Stress Analysis in a

Functionally Graded Disc

Under Mechanical Loads
and a Steady State
Temperature Distribution

By
Shrikant M Dhole
(13ME63R24)
Content


1.
Introduction
2.
Stress analysis
3.
Conclusion
4.
References
Introduction
Functionally graded material (FGM) may be
characterized by the variation in composition and structure
gradually over volume, resulting in corresponding changes
in the properties of the material.

Fig: FGM made up of metal and ceramic
Introduction
cont..
Features -:
1. Gradual transition in
microstructure.
2. Minimize stress
concentration.
Application-:
Turbine components,
rocket nozzle, chemical
reactor tubes, critical
furnace parts etc.
Introduction
cont..
When shuttle enters in earth atmosphere, it is subjected to
very high temperature and load.
Fig: Entry of shuttle in earth atmosphere
Outer body of space
shuttle is made up of
FGM.

Outer surface of outer body is pure ceramic for sustaining high
temperature
Inner surface of outer body is pure metal for high strength
Introduction
cont..
Applications of FGMs
1) Structural walls that combine two or more
functions including thermal and sound
insulation
2) Enhanced sports equipment such as golf
clubs, tennis rackets, and skis with added
graded combinations of flexibility,
elasticity, or rigidity



Stress Analysis

Fig: A functionally graded rotating disc under the mechanical
loads and steady state temperature distribution
P
o
= External Pressure
P
i
= Internal Pressure
A = Inner Radius
b = External Radius
= Angular Velocity
T
0
= Temperature of
inside surface


Stress Analysis
Cont..
Because a rotating thin disc problem is axi-symmetric, its
equilibrium equation is

(1)
where,
= Radial stress
= Tangential stress
(r) = Radially varying material mass density
r = Radial distance 0, a r b
= The constant angular speed of the disk in rad/sec.

Stress Analysis
Cont..
The solution can be efficiently handled by using a
special stress function that automatically satisfies the
equilibrium equation (1).
The particular stressstress function relation with
this property is given by

(2)
where, F = F(r) is the stress function
Stress Analysis
Cont..
The governing equation for the stress function F is
determined from the compatibility condition.

For this axi-symmetric case, the displacement field
is of the form

Stress Analysis
Cont..
The strain field is given by
(3)
where,
= Strain in radial direction
= Strain in tangential direction
u = Displacement in radial direction
On eliminating u from equation (3) develops the
simple compatibility condition.
Stress Analysis
Cont..
Simple compatibility condition which is derived from
equation (3)

(4)
(
)
Stress Analysis
Cont..
where,
E(r) = Elasticity modulus
(r) = Thermal expansion coefficient
T(r) = Temperature change
= Poissons ratio

Using Hookes Law for plane stress case, the
strains are given by
(5)
Stress Analysis
Cont..
It is assumed that the disc is of material properties (E,
and ) and thermal change (T) varying throughout the
radial section.

Poissons ratio is assumed as a constant because its
variation has much less practical significance than
variation in the other material properties.
Stress Analysis
Cont..
On substituting equation (2) and equation (5) in
compatibility equation (4), we get
(6)
{
}
equation (2), stress-stress function relation
equation (5), Hookes law relation
equation (4), compatibility equation
Stress Analysis
Cont..
It is assumed that
(7)
where,
n
1
, n
2
& n
3
are grading indexes and
T
0
is the temperature in the inner surface of the disc
Stress Analysis
Cont..

On substituting equation (7) in to the differential
equation (6), we get
(8)
On solving equation (8), we get the relation for stress
function.
Stress Analysis
Cont..
The stress function F can be written as
(9)
where,
m =
and
C
1
& C
2
are integration constants and determined
from the boundary conditions


Stress Analysis
Cont..
where,

(9)
10 (a)
10 (b)
10 (c)
Stress Analysis
Cont..
The stress components can be obtained from the stress
function in equation (9) as,
11(a)
11(b)
equation (2), stress-stress function relation
[ ]
Conclusion
Functionally graded materials are very useful where
situation arises such that the material should have more than
one mechanical properties.
Stress analysis is carried out on functionally graded
rotating hollow discs subjected to internal, external pressures,
centrifugal force due to a constant angular velocity and steady
state temperature by using an analytical solution including
small deformation theory of elasticity.

References
Hasan Callioglu; Stress analysis in a functionally graded disc
under mechanical loads and a steady state temperature
distribution; Sadhana, Vol. 36, Part 1, 2011, pp. 5364.
Indian Academy of Sciences
Mehdi Bayat, M. Saleem, B.B. Sahari, A.M.S. Hamouda, E.
Mahdi; Mechanical and thermal stresses in a functionally
graded rotating disk with variable thickness due to radially
symmetry loads; International Journal of Pressure Vessels and
Piping 86; (2009): 357372
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/48428992/Functionally-graded-
materials-%28FGM%29-aim-at-optimizing-the-performance




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