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No Spreading without Permission.
OTC000301 OptiX WDM System Troubleshooting
ISSUE 1.0
Internal Use 2
Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be
able to:
Compare the different use of Common Methods
of Fault Locating.
Illustrate Regular Operation for Troubleshooting.
Describe the Basic Thoughts and Methods of
Fault Locating.
Know the Fault Handling Flow.
Analyze and Eliminate the common faults
Improve the ability of eliminating faults through
case analysis
Internal Use 3
Reference
OptiX BWS 1600G Maintenance Manual (Troubleshooting)
OptiX Metro6100 Maintenance Manual (Troubleshooting)
OptiX Metro 6040 User Manual
Internal Use 4
Operations for troubleshooting
Basic Thoughts and Methods of Fault Locating
Fault Handling Flow
Fault classification and location
Internal Use 5
WEST EAST
WEST EAST
EAST
WEST
WEST
EAST
EAST
WEST
Review Point
Left is defined as
west and right as
east in a chain
network.
The ring network takes
counter-clockwise direction
as the primary ring direction.
Internal Use 6
Key Operations
Software Loopback
Cross Loopback
Hardware Loopback
Clean Optical Interface
Reset Board
Replacement of Board
Optical Power Test
Internal Use 7
Software Loopback: Outloop
WDM side Client side
OTU Outloop
WDM side
Client side
OTU Outloop
Loop a received signal directly back to its
corresponding output port (WDM or client side).
It can be used to test the fiber line and
connectors.
Internal Use 8
Software Loopback: Inloop
WDM side Client side
OTU
Inloop
WDM side
Client side
OTU
Inloop
Inloop at client side of OTU
Inloop at WDM side of OTU
Internal Use 9
Cross Loopback
WDM side
Client side OTU
Optical
transmitting
module
Optical
receiving
module
Optical
transmitting
module
Optical
receiving
module
A
B
C
D
1
1
2
2
Broadcast receiving signal at client side
to optical transmitting modules at both
client side and WDM side.
Broadcast receiving at WDM side
to optical transmitting modules at
both WDM side and client side.
Note: LWM and LWX boards support cross
loopback.
Internal Use 10
Hardware Loopback
Software
loopback
Hardware
loopback
Transmitting module
Receiving module
Tx
Rx
IN
OUT
WDM side Client side
Tx
Rx
IN
OUT
WDM side Client side
Fixed
Attenuation
Internal Use 11
Reset Board
Reset by NM.
Reset by pressing the reset button on SCC board.
Reset by removing and inserting SCC board.
Reset by NM.
Reset by unplugging/ plugging the board.
Reset SCC Board
Reset Other Boards
Internal Use 12
Clean Optical Interface
Make sure the fiber to be cleaned is disconnected with any active
component.
Hold the fiber connector, clean the surface with lens tissue, Do this once or
twice more using different parts of the tissue.
After the surface dries, use special compressed gas to blow the surface
Check the connector surface
Internal Use 13
Optical Power Test
OTM
Optical power
meter
OTM
IN IN
OTU OA MUX/
DEMUX
FIU
IN IN
FIU
OA
MUX/
DEMUX
OTU
IN IN IN IN
ODF ODF
Optical board
Optical power meter
OUT
IN
Fiber
jumper
Testing
port
Optical board
Optical power meter
MON
Fiber jumper
Testing
port
Optical
Power test
Internal Use 14
Replacement of Board
Before replacement

During replacement

After replacement

Check board version
(Especially for OTU)



Detailed information
can be obtained from
the bar code.
Skilled at the operation methods in
General precautions.
The setting of board jumpers and DIP
switches;
Input optical power range of optical
interface board;
Remove the optical fiber from the front
panel;
Width of the front panel.
Wear an ESD wrist
strap. Correctly swap
the board. Avoid short-
circuit of the board.
Prevent eyes from being hurt by the laser.
Check whether the
board is working
normally, and upload
configuration on the
NM again.
If you replace the SCC board, you shall
upload the original SCC configuration
data to the NM, and then download them
from the NM to the new SCC.
Pay attention to NE user configuration.
Internal Use 15
Classification of Board Replacement
Classification of
boards
Board name Remarks
Optical
transponder unit
OTU
For new OTU:
a. The type is identical with the original one.
b. The wavelength, optical module is identical with that of
the original one.
Optical amplifier
unit
OA
a. Prevent the over-high input optical power from
damaging optical components.
b. Keep the operating band of the new optical amplifier
unit identical with that of the original one.
c. Do not stare into the output optical interface, since the
output optical power of HBA, RPA/RPC/RPL is very high.
Optical
multiplexing/demu
ltiplexing &
add/drop
multiplexing unit
MUX/DEMUX
a. Prevent the over-high input optical power from
damaging optical components.
b. Keep the operating band of the new optical amplifier
unit identical with that of the original one.
c. Keep the type of the substitute board identical with that
of the original one.
Optical
supervisory
channel unit
SC1, SC2
TC1, TC2
a. The type of the substitute board is identical with that of
the original one and whether it supports LHP system
application.
b. The input optical power
Internal Use 16
Operations for troubleshooting
Basic Thoughts and Methods of Fault Locating
Fault Handling Flow
Fault classification and location
Internal Use 17
Requirements for Maintenance Personnel
Be familiar with DWDM system and troubleshooting of common alarms.
Professional in Basic Operations
Familiarity with Common Test Instruments

Awareness of Network Layout
Collection and Saving of On-site Data
Internal Use 18
Basic Principles of Fault Locating
NoteThe key step is to locate the fault to a
certain cable or a station or an exact board accurately.
Why Trouble?
External First, then Internal
Network First, then NE
High-severity Alarms First,
then Low-severity Alarms
Internal Use 19
Common Methods of Fault Locating
Alarm and performance analysis
Test with instruments
Replacement
Loopback
Handling based
on experience
Internal Use 20
Alarm and performance analysis
From NMS
Comprehensive
The fault information about the equipments in the
whole network can be obtained.
Accurate
Current alarms, history alarms, occurrence time,
and performance event data can be gotten.
Note:
If no obvious alarm or performance event is
reported, alarm and performance analysis is
useless.
Querying current or history alarms and performance data through
transmission network management (NM) system
Querying current running status of the equipment through cabinet
& board indicators
How to obtain alarms and
performance
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s

From cabinet and board
Easy for operation on site

Faulty information is not detailed
Internal Use 21
Alarm and performance analysis
SDH
SDH LWF LWF
M40
D40
OAU
OAU
SC1 SC1
OAU
OAU
D40
M40
(OTM)
(OTM)
A
B
SDH service between A and B is interrupted,
and SDH equipment in B does not receive
service or receives a lot of bit errors.
Internal Use 22
Test with instruments
Used to remove external problems of the transmission equipment
or interconnection problems
Test meters: optical power meter, optical spectrum analyzer, SDH
tester and signal analyzer. .
1. Test MON port and measure optical
power, wavelength, OSNR directly, analyze
the gain flatness of the optical amplifier
board.
2. Compare with original data.
1.Compare with performance data from
NMS.
2.Avoid service interruption. MON port is
recommended for measurement.
Internal Use 23
Replacement
LWF reports R_LOS
Features
SDH
TWF
RWF
A
B
LWF
R_LOS
An abnormal article is replaced with a normal one. If the
problem still exists, it means that this particular article is
not faulty and there may be some other problems.
The article might be a section of fiber, a board, a flange
or an attenuator.
Internal Use 24
Loopback
R_LOS
Attenuators
Tx1
Tx2
Txn Rxn
Rx2
Rx1
OM/OA
Rx1
Rx2
Rxn Txn
Tx2
Tx1
OLA
OM/OA
OA/OD
OLA
OA/OD
attenuator
attenuator
SDH
Analyzer
Loopback by segments
or sections
Internal Use 25
Handling based on experience
Reset board
Plugging/unplug board
Restarting a single station after power failure
Re-send configuration (SCC replacement)
It is recommended to use this method as less as possible, since
it is unsuitable for finding fault reason thoroughly.
Internal Use 26
Troubleshooting Procedures
Troubleshooting for External Faults
Clearing the fault of accessed client equipment (SDH, Ethernet etc.)
Clearing the optical fiber fault
Clearing the fault of power supply
Clearing grounding fault
Locating fault to a single station
Locating the fault to a board
Common method
Replacement, meter
test, and loopback
Loopback
Replacement
Internal Use 27
Operations for troubleshooting
Basic Thoughts and Methods of Fault Locating
Fault Handling Flow
Fault classification and location
Internal Use 28
Fault Handling Flow
General fault handling flow
Emergency handling flow
Collecting and recording
information
Technical support
Internal Use 29
General Fault Handling Flow
Summary and
fill out report
Fault
removed?
End
No
Yes
Start
Record fault symptom
External
causes
Other handling
process
Work out solutions
togehter
Service
recovery?
Running and observe
Fault
removed?
Analyze and
locate fault
Feed back to Huawei
Fault
removed?
Yes
Try to solve
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Internal Use 30
Emergency Handling Flow
Handle service
interruption
Transmission NM
End
Is the fault
removed?
Contact Huawei for
help
Is there any
abnormal alarms?
Are there bit errors?
Bit errors
troubleshooting
Optical power
troubleshooting
Is optical power
abnormal?
Do alarms below occur:
R_LOS/MUT_LOS
IN_PWR_LOW/IN_PWR_HIGH
Is standby channel
available?
Swithch the service to
the standby channel.
Reset the board;
Remove/insert the
board;
replace the board
Is loopback set? Cancel loopback.
YES
NO
2
3
5
4
1
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
For service interruption
caused by external factors
such as power failure, fiber cut,
improper operation, or software
and hardware faults.
Internal Use 31
Common Alarms And Causes
Board
type
Alarm Handling
Optical
Amplifier
Unit
MUT_LOS Power related alarm, mainly relevant to the received signal. Check whether
the optical power of upstream optical path and station is normal.
PUM_BCM_ALM,
PUM_COOL_ALM
Check whether the running of fan is normal;
Check whether the ambient temperature is over-high or over-low;
Board fault. The board needs to be replaced.
Optical
Multiplexer/
Demultiplex
er Unit
MUT_LOS Power related alarm, mainly relevant to the received signal. Check whether
the optical power of upstream optical path and station is normal.
LSR_COOL_ALM Check whether the running of fan is normal;
Check whether the ambient temperature is over-high or over-low;
Board fault. If the service is affected, replace the board in time. If not,
replace it in a proper time.
OTU R_LOS,
IN_PWR_LOW,
IN_PWR_HIGH
Power related alarm, mainly relevant to the received signal. Check whether
the optical power of upstream optical path and station is normal.
R_LOF, B1_OVER,
B1_SD, B2_OVER,
B2_SD
Power related alarm, mainly relevant to the received signal. Check whether
the optical power of upstream optical path and station is normal.
In addition, if the module in the receiving end is faulty, these alarms will
also occur.
TF,
OUT_PWR_LOW,
OUT_PWR_HIGH
Mainly relevant to the transmitting part of the board. If the service is
affected, replace the board in time.
OTU LSR_COOL_ALM,
LSR_WILL_DIE
Check whether the running of fan is normal;
Check whether the ambient temperature is over-high or over-low;
Board fault. If the service is affected, replace the board in time. If not,
replace it in a proper time.
Internal Use 32
Collecting and Recording Information
Detailed name of the faulty office
Name and phone number of the contact
person
Name and phone number of the contact
person on site
Exact time when faults happen
Equipment type and network type
Fault level and expected settlement time
Measures taken and results after faults occur
Report to
Huawei
Support
engineer
Internal Use 33
Technical Support
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,
Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China
Postal Code: 518129
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Customer service mailbox: support@huawei.com
Technical support website http://support.huawei.com,
Obtaining the Latest Technical Documentation
Internal Use 34
Operations for troubleshooting
Basic Thoughts and Methods of Fault Locating
Fault Handling Flow
Fault classification and location
Internal Use 35
Fault Classification
Other Faults
Optical Power Abnormity
Bit Errors
Transient Service Interruption
Service Interruption
ECC Faults
Orderwire Faults
Equipment Interconnection Failure
Internal Use 36
Fault Classification
Optical Power Abnormity
Internal Use 37
Optical Power Abnormity
SDH
SDH
SDH
SDH
SDH
SDH
SDH
SDH
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
MUX
DMUX
OA
OA
OSC
OA
OA
OSC OSC
OA
OA
DMUX
MUX
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTM OLA
OTM
Optical power checking point
Category Effect
Optical power
is too low
The input optical power is below the
sensitivity.
Bit errors are generated.
Decrease of the input optical power
affects optical signal-to-noise ratio.
The input optical power is below
ALS threshold.
Service is interrupted.
Optical power
is too high
The input optical power is above
overload power.
Bit errors are generated and
optical receiving components
are damaged.
pay attention to
optical power of
OTU and OA
Internal Use 38
Optical Power Abnormity
Fault type Causes
External
causes
Fiber attenuation is too high (due to fiber bending,
squeezing, binding and dirty connector).
Incorrect fiber connection.
Line performance deterioration.
Equipment
faults
OTU board failure or performance deterioration.
Optical amplifying board failure or performance
deterioration.
Alarm and performance analysis
Section-by-section loopback
Replacement
Meter test
Internal Use 39
Procedure of Handling Optical Power Fault
Start
Transmission NM
Transmitting end
Receiving end
Is fault
removed?
End
No
Yes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Is input optical power of
OTU at "Rx" port abnormal?
Is output optical power of
OTU at "OTU" port abnormal?
Is input optical power of
OAU abnormal?
Is input optical power of FIU at
"RC/RL" port abnormal?
No
No
No
No
No
Is input optical power of
OAU abnormal?
No
Is input optical power of
OTU
at "IN" port abnormal?
No
Is output optical power of
OTU at "Tx" abnormal?
No
Is the received optical power of
SDH equipment abnormal?
No
No
No
No
No
Is output optical power of
OAU abnormal?
Is output optical power of FIU at
"OUT" port abnormal?
Is input optical power at "IN"
port of FIU abnormal?
Is output optical power at
"TC/
TL" port of FIU abnormal?
Is output optical power of
OAU abnormal?
13
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Contact Huawei
for help
Adjust VOA placed
before OAU
Remove the
fiber fault
Replace FIU
Remove the fault
at client side
Adjust VOA placed
before OAU
Adjust fibers between
OAU and DMUX;
Replace OTU
Adjust fiber
between OTU and
SDH equipment
Replace FIU
Remove the
fiber fault
Replace OAU
Replace OAU
Replace OTU
Adjust fibers between
DMUX and OTU
Internal Use 40
Case of Optical Power Fault Handling
Station A Station B
SDH
SDH
OTM OTM
Four wavelengths occupy CH4, CH8, CH12 and CH16 from
A to B, access 2.5 Gb/s SDH equipment.
Four 2.5 Gbit/s SDH equipments
generate RSBBE and bit errors
of other levels in the receiving
direction.
Four 2.5 Gb/s SDH equipments
have multiplex section background
bit error.
Internal Use 41
Case of Optical Power Fault Handling
SDH SDH
LWC
LWC M40
D40
OAU
OAU
SC1
OAU
OAU
SC2
SC1
OAU
OAU
D40
M40
OTM OLA
OTM
Station A Station B
Station C
80km
80km
40-channel system configured with 16 wavelengths
RSBBE
performance event
generated in all
activated channels
from receiving
direction
Internal Use 42
Fault Classification
Bit Errors
Internal Use 43
Bit Errors
Fault type Causes
External causes
External interference
Equipment grounding problem
Optical power abnormity (over-high or over low) and OSNR deterioration
Dispersion tolerance problem (fiber type, DCM, dispersion design)
Non-linearity of optical fiber
Environment problem (extra-high equipment temperature)
Equipment faults
OTU board (O/E,E/O, FEC module etc.) failure or performance deterioration.
Optical amplifier board failure or performance deterioration.
Abnormity of fan
Related alarms and performance events:
B1_EXC, B2_EXC, B1_SD, and B2_SD alarms
BEFFEC_EXC and BEFFEC_SD alarms
RSBBE, RSES, RSSES, RSUAS and RSCSES
performance events
MSBBE, MSES, MSSES, MSUAS, and MSCSES
performance events
Bit Error Information
Internal Use 44
Bit Errors Fault Locating
Bit error handling
Transmission NM
Any external
interference?
Is optical non-
linearity severe?
Is fan abnormal?
Is board performance
degraded?
NO
1
5
6
7
Is bit error
removed?
End
Yes
Any grounding
problem?
Is optical power
abnormal?
Is fiber connection
problem?
2
3
4
8
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
Is B1 at receive end
and transmit end the
same?
Is B2 at receive end
and transmit end the
same?
NO
Reduce the input
optical power
Replace the fan
Replace the board
Remove the
interference source
Contact Huawei
for help

Remove the grounding
fault
Remove the SDH fault
See handling optical
power abnormity
Go to step
Replace fiber, clean
connector or reroute
N
Remove the SDH fault
9
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Methods:
Alarm and performance analysis
Section-by-section loopback
Replacement or meter test
Internal Use 45
Bit Errors Handling Techniques
Check the channels involved with bit error
Skillful use of B1
Replacement
Bit error in all channels



Bit error in specific channels
If bit errors occur in exclusive direction of system, the
replacement method is recommended.
Replacement could be OTU,OA or optical fiber etc.
DWDM side
Client side
O
T
U
O
T
U
Monitor B1 byte
A B
DWDM side
O
T
U
O
T
U
Monitor B1 byte
Internal Use 46
Case of Bit Errors Fault Handling
OTM OTM OLA OLA OLA OLA
Station A Station B Station C Station D Station E Station F
17dB 22dB 21dB 20dB 14dB
8 channels (CH1-CH8) of 2.5 Gbit/s services are
configured between station A and station B.
Bit errors occur in some
channels at station A (receiving
from station F), the number of bit
errors are not stable.
Internal Use 47
Case of Bit Errors Fault Handling
Dispersion
Problem
Station A Station B
SDH
SDH
OTM OTM
80km
During engineering acceptance, it is found that all LWF boards
at station A (receiving from station B) report a large number
of corrected errors.
In 15-minute performance data, thousands of RSBBE are reported.
The number of corrected LWF at station B (receiving from station A)
is small and there is no bit error.
Fault Description
Internal Use 48
Fault Classification
Transient Service Interruption
Internal Use 49
Transient Service Interruption
Transient service interruption refers to the transient loss of
signal at second level during transmission.
Fault type Causes
Line fault Optical fiber is broken or fiber
performance deteriorates.
Equipment
fault
The board is faulty or the optical
module on the board is in poor
contact.
Methods:
Alarm and performance analysis
Meter test
Replacement
Internal Use 50
Transient Service Interruption Fault Handling
Is fault cleared?
End
Contact Huawei for
help
No
Go to proper step
Yes
N
Transient service
interruption handling
Is the interruption
bidirectional?
Is OSC interrupted
transietly?
Transmission NM
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
1
2
3
4
5
Remove optical
fiber fault
Remove external
abnormity
Remove faults at
fiber and TX board
Remove faults
located before OAU
Remove optical
fiber fault
Is output optical power
of OAU at TX stable?
Any external abnormity?
Yes
6
Remove faults at
OAU, OTU and
connection fiber
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Is intput optical power
of OAU at RX stable?
Is input optical power
of OTU at RX stable?
TX: Transmitting end
RX: Receiving end
Internal Use 51
Transient Service Interruption Handling Techniques
Transient service interruption occurs
to the main optical path
If the R_LOS alarm occurs to the supervisory
channel and main optical path simultaneously.
if the R_LOS alarm does not occur to the
supervisory channel, but to the main optical
path in two directions.
If the R_LOS alarm does not occur to the
supervisory channel, but occur to the main
optical path in one direction
Check along the signal flow whether the
optical signal is interrupted transiently



Transient service interruption occurs
to single channel
Internal Use 52
Case of Transient Service Interruption
OTM OLA OLA
Station A Station B Station C Station D
21dB 33dB 26dB
OTM
4 channels of 2.5 Gbit/s (LWC) services are
configured between station A and station B.
NOTE:
Check the history alarms in NMS, R_LOS alarms
occur to all LWC boards of station A and station D,
and alarm duration is 1-2 seconds.
All NEs are found to turn red in NMS,
and the service between them is
interrupted. After several seconds, the
alarm disappears.
Internal Use 53
Fault Classification
Service Interruption
Internal Use 54
Service Interruption
Fault type Causes Remarks
External
causes
Power failure
Abnormal environment (temperature and
humidity)
Abnormal optical fibers and connectors
When such
alarms as R_LOS,
R_LOF and
R_OOF occur, it
indicates that the
service is
interrupted.
Equipment Board performance deterioration or failure
OTU,OA,MUX/DEMUX fault
Optical power
abnormity;
Fiber is broken, fiber connectors are dirty, Fiber
connectors are in poor connection, Attenuation
is too high. )
Bit error Excessive bit errors (Board fault or poor
performance, Dispersion tolerance, Non-
linearity of optical fiber. )
Equipment
interconnection
Interconnection between DWDM equipment and
other equipments are abnormal
Methods:
Alarm and performance analysis
Meter test
Replacement
Service
interruption
Internal Use 55
Service Interruption Handling
Service interruption handling
Transmission NM
Remove the fault
Is service
recovered?
End
Contact Huawei for help
Go to proper step
Yes
N
Replace the
board
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Is power supply
failed?
Is environment
abnormal?
Is optical power
abnormal?
Is access
equipment faulty?
Is there lots of bit
errors?
No
No
No
No
1
2
3
4
5
Is the board perfor-13
mance degraded?
No
6
Remove the fault
Remove the fault
on the line
Remove the fault
Eliminate bit
errors
Internal Use 56
Case of Service Interruption
OTM OTM OLA
Station A Station B Station C
Note: In a chain network, only one 2.5 Gbit/s service is configured
LWC at station C reports
R_LOF alarm continuously, and
the service is interrupted.
Internal Use 57
OTM OADM OADM
Station A Station B Station C Station D
OTM
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
OTM
OADM
OADM
OTM
W
E
E
W
E
W E
W
Case of Service Interruption
The chain is changed into ring network in terms of actual requirements. and
1+1 channel protection is required.
Back-to-back OTM
Back-to-back OTM
Serial OADM Serial OADM
After interconnection between
stations A and D, all services are
interrupted, but no alarm occurs.
Internal Use 58
Fault Classification
ECC Faults
Internal Use 59
ECC Faults
ECC principle: NM should first communicate with the gateway NE over
TCP/IP, then gateway NE communicates with non-gateway NEs via ECC.
Methods:
Alarm and performance analysis
Configuration modification
Fault
type
Causes
External
causes
Power failure.
Optical fibers or connectors are abnormal.
Human
factors
The DIP switch setting is not changed when
replacing the SCC board, resulting in repetition of
NE ID in the network.
Setting error.
Incorrect fiber connection.
Equipme
nt faults
Mismatch of SCC board type.
Board failure.
Network cable or HUB is damaged.
NEs report a large amount of performance data to
the NM, causing the ECC to be blocked.
Internal Use 60
ECC Faults Handling
ECC fault handling
Is power supply failed?
Is optical fiber faulty?
Is NE ID repeated?
Is SCC type ismatched?
Is OSC/OTC faulty?
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1
2
3
4
5
Remove the fiber
fault
Modfify ID of SCC
Replace SCC
board
Replace the board
Remove the power
supply fault
No Is fault removed?
End
Contact Huawei for
help
No
Go to proper step
Yes
Transmission NM
Internal Use 61
ECC Faults
OTM OTM OLA
Station A Station B Station C
At station A, we cannot
log into stations B
and C, but the service
is normal.
Internal Use 62
ECC Faults
Station A
Station B
Station
C
D
OTM-OTM
OADM
W
E
E
W
E
W
E
W OTM-OTM
OTM-OTM
Station D
Station E
Station F
Station G
OADM
OADM
OADM
E
W
E
W
W
E
central station
After the service is activated, when
some stations are logged in, ECC
intermits.
When making an orderwire call,
there are a lot of noises, and the
communication is interrupted
transiently every several seconds.
Internal Use 63
Fault Classification
Orderwire Faults
Internal Use 64
Orderwire Faults
Causes Fault type
External causes Power failure
Fiber fault
Human factors Incorrect phone settings
Incorrect orderwire NNI connection
Incorrect OSC/OTC setting
Incorrect SCC setting
Equipment
faults
OSC failure or performance
deterioration
PMU failure or performance
deterioration
Methods:
Alarm and performance analysis
Configuration modification
Orderwire
communication
failure
Internal Use 65
Orderwire Faults Handling
Orderwire fault
handling
Transmission NM
Is fault
removed?
End
Contact Huawei
for help
No
Go to proper step
Yes
Is it external causes (power
failure or fiber fault)
Is PMU faulty?
Is phone setting incorrect?
Is OSC/OTC configuration
incorrect?
Is the type of SCC
incorrect?
Is OSC/OTC/SCC damaged?
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
1
2
3
4
5
6
Replace PMU
Modify the setting
Modify the
configuration
Replace OSC/
OTC/SCC
Remove the
external fault
No
Replace SCC
Upgrade software
Hardware version
inconsistent
Software version
inconsistent
Is SCC configuration
incorrect?
Modify the SCC
configuration
Yes
No
Yes
No
7
Internal Use 66
OTM OTM OLA
Station A Station B Station C
Case of Orderwire Faults
Station A fails to make an
orderwire call to station C though it
succeeds in dialing station B. When
making a conference call, it still failed.
Internal Use 67
WDM ring1
SDH ring
Phone
line
RS-422
Serial cable
A1 A2 B1 B2 WDM ring2
Phone
line
RS-422
Serial cable
Case of Orderwire Faults
A1/A2 In one
Equipment room
B1/B2 In one
Equipment room
after performing configuration to enable
outgoing orderwire communication, orderwire
between two DWDM rings cannot be connected.
Internal Use 68
Fault Classification
Equipment Interconnection
Failure And other faults
Internal Use 69
Equipment Interconnection Failure
Cause Fault type
External causes The connected equipment is faulty (e.g. bit errors).
Incorrect fiber connection.
Parameters of interconnected optical interfaces or the
optical fiber modes are not matched.
Equipment faults Mismatch of FEC protocol.
Impairment of optical components.
Board performance deterioration.
Loopback is not released.
Alarm and performance analysis
Section-by-section loopback
Replacement
Meter test
Internal Use 70
Equipment Interconnection Failure
Equipment interconnection
failure handling
Transmisssion NM
Is fault
cleared?
End
Contact Huawei for
help
No
Go to proper step
Yes
N
Is the connected equipment
faulty?
Is fiber connection incorrect?
Are the parameters of
interconnected optical interface
or fiber mode mismatched?
Is FEC protocol mismatched?
Are optical components
damaged?
Does board performance
deteriorate?
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
1
2
3
4
5
6
Re-connect
the fiber
Replace the
fiber
Replace OTU
Replace the
faulty board
Replace the
board
Remove the
fault
No
Internal Use 71
Alarm name Possible causes
R_LOS
R_LOF
R_OOF
Fiber connection fault;
Mismatch of optical interface board or optical fiber type.
Mismatch of optical signal;
Board fault.
B1_EXC
B1_SD
B2_EXC
B2_SD
Bit errors emerging at interconnected equipment or
equipment at local station.
Alarms Related with Interconnection
Interconnection
alarms
Internal Use 72
Case of Interconnection Failure
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
SDH
SDH
SDH
SDH
DWDM ring
network
DWDM equipment of Huawei and
SDH equipment (MSP protection) of
company A form a ring network .
At SDH layer, MSP switching
occurs, and client side of LWC
at station A reports R_OOF and
R_LOS alarms constantly.
Internal Use 73
Other Faults
Hardware configuration
Board upgrade
Parameter setting
Meter test
Remote maintenance

Fault type Causes
Parameter
setting.
Hardware configuration (optical amplifier
board and OTU) is unreasonable.
Configuration of VOA, configuration of DCM
and optical fibers, etc.
Parameter setting is incorrect
NM parameter setting is not matched with
hardware.

Meter test The meter is not grounded.
Testing optical fiber is bent, or fiber
connectors are dirty.
Meter setting is incorrect.
Testing method is incorrect.
Internal Use 74
Summary
The End!
Operations for troubleshooting
Basic Thoughts and Methods of Fault Locating
Fault Handling Flow
Fault classification and location

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