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Methods For Calculating
Oil or Gas In Place

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Natasha Asif

Misha Qazi

Faiza Siddique
Volumetric Method 1
MBE Method 2
Decline Curve Analysis 3
MBAL Software &
Conclusion
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Methods For In Place Calculations
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There are commonly four methods to calculate in places for gas
and oil:

Volumetric Method

Material Balance Method

Decline Curve Analysis

Reservoir Simulation

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Volumetric Method

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The volumetric equation is useful in reserve work for estimating fluid in
place at any stage of depletion.


Fluid in place using size of reservoir.


It consists of determining the total pore volume available to the fluid and,
from a knowledge of fluid composition and the reservoir pressure and
temperature, calculating the amount of fluid.
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Procedure

Estimate the volume of subsurface rock that contains hydrocarbons. The
volume is calculated from the thickness of the rock containing oil or gas and
the areal extent of the accumulation.

Determine a weighted average effective porosity.

Obtain a reasonable water resistivity value and calculate water saturation.

Finally calculate the original gas-in-place.

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Volumetric Equation
The equation for calculating gas in place is






Where
G = gas in place, scf
A = area of reservoir, acres
h = average reservoir thickness, ft
= porosity
Swi = water saturation, and
Bgi = gas formation volume factor, ft3/scf

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Volumetric Uncertainty

A volumetric estimate provides a static measure of oil or gas in place.


The accuracy of the estimate depends on the amount of data available,
which is very limited in the early stages of exploration.


The data increases as wells are drilled and the pool is developed.
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P/Z Method
For a volumetric reservoir and assuming no water production.





Equation of a straight line when (p/z) is plotted versus the cumulative gas
production Gp.

Slope of the straight line is equal to





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Effect Of Water Drive P/Z Vs. Gp
Relationship
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Material Balance Equation(MBE)
Conservation of Mass

Defines producing mechanisms

Relates the reservoir fluid and rock expansion to the
subsequent fluid withdrawal.
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Objectives

Estimate initial hydrocarbon volumes in place

Interpret and predict reservoir performance

Predict ultimate hydrocarbon recovery under various types of
primary drive mechanisms

Estimate gas cap size

Estimate water influx volumes

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Basic Assumptions In MBE
Constant Temperature

Pressure Equilibrium

Constant Reservoir Volume

Reliable Production Data
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MBE Mathematical Form
The simplest form of MBE is

Initial volume = volume remaining + volume removed

By considering all the parameters involved






The above relationship is referred to as the material balance equation(MBE).
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Cont.
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Assuming no pressure maintenance by gas or water injection is
being considered, MBE can be simplified as
In case when reservoir has no initial gas cap or water influx then,
A plot of the parameter F as a function of the oil expansion parameter Eo would
yield a straight line with a slope N and intercept equal to zero
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Gas Drive Reservoirs
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Introduction To Decline Curve Analysis
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Production decline analysis is a traditional means of identifying well
production problems and predicting well performance and life based
on real production data
Conventional Analysis Techniques

Exponential decline (constant percentage decline)
Harmonic decline, and
Hyperbolic decline

Decline Type Curve

Fetkovich decline type curve

Conventional Analysis Techniques





Di=initial decline rate, years-1
b=constant
Qi=initial flow rate MSTB/day

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It is also known as arps techniques. Written below is generalized
equation:
Cont..
VALUE OF b DECLINE METHOD
b=0 Exponential Decline
b=1 Harmonic Decline
0<b<1 Hyperbolic Decline
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In case of conventional analysis technique, it is tried to obtain linear
graphical representation because of its ease of mathematical manipulation.
Cont.

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Cont.

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Cumulative Production Calculation
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Fetkovich Type Curve

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Reservoir Simulation
Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering which incorporate
physical, mathematical and computer programming to find the flow of fluid in
pores media

Objectives
Future performance
Original gas or oil in place

Models have been referred to by type, such as

Black-oil
Compositional
Thermal etc

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Grid Geometry

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MBAL Software
MBAL is a main tool for future performance prediction it is widely used in
industry for forecasting.
We have different options in it like

Reservoir Analysis Tool
Material Balance
It enables the user to perform history
Matching to find OOIP & water influx model.
Decline Curve Analysis
Used for history matching to predict
future performance
Importing Data
Exporting Data
Plotting Schemes

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Plotting Schemes Of MBAL
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Conclusion

To calculate fluid in place there are different methods depending
upon the data availability. Volumetric method is the most uncertain
method because of having just static data. MBAL is the most using
performance prediction tool.
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