TYPES

OF
SENTENCES

CLAUSES
Independent
sentences
Dependent
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Contains a subject and a verb
Express a complete thought
Can stand alone
Examples:
The sun rose.
The children laughed.
Water evaporates rapidly in warm climate zones.
complement
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
Begins with subordinator
Does not express a complete thought
It is not a sentence by itself
Also called as sentence fragment


Formation :
subordinator + a subject + a verb

when the sun rose
because water evaporates rapidly in warm climate
zones
whom the voters elected
if the drought continues for another year
PRACTICE 1
(Ind. or Dep.?)
1. Globalization means more travel for
businessmen and women.
2. As business executives fly around the globe to
sell their companies products and services
3. Jet lag affects most long-distance travelers.
4. Which is simply the urge to sleep at
inappropriate times.
5. Although there is no sure way to prevent jet lag

SIMPLE SENTENCES
It is ONE INDEPENDENT clause.
Examples:
Freshwater boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea
level.
Freshwater boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 0
degrees Celsius
Freshwater and salt water do not boil and do not
freeze at the same time
PRACTICE 2
Construct one sentence for each instruction.
1.1 subject, 1 verb
2.1 subject, 2 verbs
3.2 subjects, 1 verb
4.2 subjects, 2 verbs
COMPOUND SENTENCES
Contains two (2) or more independent clauses
joined together.
There are three (3) ways to join the clauses:
1.With a coordinator



1.With a conjunctive adverb



1.With a semicolon
Independent clause, + coordinator + independent clause
Independent clause; + conj. Adv, + independent clause
Independent clause; independent clause
Compound Sentences With
Coordinators



Example:
Salt water boils at a higher temperature than
freshwater, so food cooks faster in salt water.
There are seven coordinators, which are also called
coordinating conjunctions.
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So (FAN BOYS)

Independent clause, + coordinator + independent clause
Compound Sentences With
Conjunctive Adverbs


Salt water boils at a higher temperature than
freshwater; therefore, food cooks faster in salt water.
Several transitional signals, such as on the other
hand, as a result, and for example, act like
conjunctive adverbs; they can also connect the
independent clauses with a semicolon and a comma.

Independent clause; + conj. Adv, + independent clause
Compound Sentences With
Semicolons
Example:
Salt water boils at a higher temperature than
freshwater; food cooks faster in salt water.
Poland was the first Eastern European country to turn
away from communism; others soon followed.
This kind of compound sentence is possible only when
the two independent clauses are closely related in
meaning.
If they are not closely related, they should be written as
two simple sentences, each ending with a period.

Independent clause; independent clause
COMPLEX SENTENCES
Contain one (1) INDEPENDENT CLAUSE and one
(or more) DEPENDENT CLAUSE(S).

In this structure, one or more ideas are
dependent upon the main idea.

The dependent clause is joined to an
independent clause by a subordinating
conjunction or relative pronouns (who, whom,
whose, which, that)

Common Subordinators
after although as as if
as soon
as
because before
even
though
if since
so that that though unless until
when whenever where whether which
while who
Although women in the United States could own
property, they could not vote until 1920.
A citizen can vote in the United States when he or
she is 18 years old.
I will be coming straight home after I go to the
store.
After I go to the store, I will be coming straight
home.
After she left work, the women stopped at the
store, before she went home.
By the time we arrived, the bus had already left.
Thabib will buy the books provided that they are
on sale.


Hussein is a kind of man who likes to help others.
My friend spoke to the singer whom performed at
the concert.
Ali whose parents were at work came to my house.
Last year we vacationed in Phi Phi Island, which
features excellent is scuba diving.
The cat that you found yesterday belonged to my
sister.

COMPOUND-COMPLEX
SENTENCES



I wanted to travel after I graduated from college;
however, I had to go to work immediately.
After I graduated from college, I wanted to travel,
but I had to go to work immediately.
1 dependent clause
+
2 independent clauses

I wanted to travel after I graduated from college,
but I had to work immediately because I had to
support my family.
I could not decide where I should work or what I
should do, so at first I did nothing.