Introduction

A Presentation on

Significance of Transfer capabilities
(ATC/TTC) in Real Time Grid Operation

Transfer Capabilities (ATC/TTC)
and Reliability
Margins(CBM/TRM)
Presentation Over view:
-Working Definition and basis of
calculation (TTC/ATC)

Transfer Capability-a working
definition
Transfer Capability is the measure of the ability of
interconnected electric systems to reliably move power
from one area to another area, over all transmission lines
(or paths) between those areas under specified system
conditions.
It Is directional in nature .
Transmission Capacity refers to the thermal limit or
rating of a particular transmission element or component.
The actual transfer capability of the network Is often less
than the aggregated transmission capacity of the
Individual circuits of a specific transmission interface
between two areas of the network.







Definitions
Mathematically, Available Transfer Capability (ATC) is
defined as the Total Transfer Capability (TTC) less the
Reliability Margins (RM: the TRM-Transmission Reliability
Margin and the CBM-Capacity Benefit Margin)
ATC = TTC - TRM CBM
ATC (for LTOA + STOA) = TTC - Reliability Margin
ATC (for STOA) = TTC Reliability Margin - LTOA
Scheduling/Operating limit for LTOA + STOA = TTC
Reliability Margin

Transmission Capacity v/s Transfer Capability
Transmission Capacity Transfer Capability
1 Is a physical property in isolation Is a collective behaviour of a system
2 Depends on design only Depends on design, topology, system
conditions, accuracy of assumptions
3 Deterministic Estimated
4 Constant under a set of conditions Always varying
5 Time independent Time dependent
6 Non-directional Directional
7 Determined directly by design Estimated indirectly using simulation
models
8 Declared by designer/ manufacturer Declared by the Grid Operator
9 Understood by all Often misunderstood
10 Considered unambiguous &
sacrosanct
Subject to close scrutiny by all
stakeholders
TTC calculation-basis
Short term Open Access
Long Term Open Access
Reliability margin
ATC
TTC
ATC = TTC-Reliability Margin
TTC assessment block diagram
TTC
Anticipated
Network topology +
Capacity additions
Anticipated
Substation Load
Anticipated
Ex bus
Thermal Generation
Anticipated Ex bus
Hydro generation
LGBR

Last
Year
Reports

Weather
Forecast
CEA
CTU
STU
Last
Year
pattern
Operator
experience
Planning
criteria
Operating
limits
Credible
contingencies
Simulation

Analysis

Brainstorming
Stakeholders
Assessment of Transfer capability
Through computer simulations- load flow/stability studies.
Factors to be considered for simulation
Planning criteria
Operating Limits
Network Topology
Forecasted demand- peak/off-peak: LGBR
Generation dispatch based on maintenance schedule-
forecasted hydro dispatch
System configuration- Lines under outage
Base schedule transfer- intra regional transfers known in
advance
Credible System contingencies
Reliability Margins
Limits to Transfer capability
Thermal Limits
Stability Limits
Voltage Limits





Limiting conditions may shift with time
as network operating conditions changes
Time Horizon
Power Flow
Thermal Limit
Voltage Limit
Stability Limit
Total Transfer capability