ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE /

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
PETER WEBB
BMT Defence Services

Why should Systems Engineers
be interested in
Enterprise Architecture?
BMT Defence Services
What is an Enterprise?
Organisation
Technology
People Processes
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What does an Enterprise do?
Enterprise
Organisation
Technology
People Processes
Customer
Solutions
(Products / Services)
Creates and Delivers
Requirements
(User Needs)
Has
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Integrated
Enterprise
SUPPLIER
What about Enterprise Integration?
Enterprise
Organisation
Technology
People Processes
Enterprise
Organisation
Technology
People Processes
Enterprise
Organisation
Technology
People Processes
Enterprise
Organisation
Technology
People Processes
Integrated
Enterprise
CUSTOMER
Enterprise
Organis
ation
Technol
ogy
People Process
es
Enterprise
Organis
ation
Technol
ogy
People Process
es
Integrated
Enterprise
SOLUTION
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The Enterprise as a System
An enterprise has been described as a large complex
socio-technico-economic system. (Vernadat 95)

It can be modelled to facilitate Enterprise Inter- and
Intra-organisational Integration (EI3).

Modelling creates an architecture that defines
structure and behaviour, capturing tacit knowledge.

An architecture framework is used to facilitate and
guide the creation of architectures.

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Enterprise Modelling and Integration
Initiative on Enterprise Inter- and Intra-organization
Integration International Consensus (EI3-IC)
International Conference on Enterprise Integration and
Modelling Technology (ICEIMT): 1992, 1997 and 2002
International Enterprise Modelling Conference (IEMC): 1999
and joint with ICEIMT in 2002.
Supported by EC IST, IFIP-IFAC, ISO/EN Standards,
Academia
Knowledge Management (KM) Community
Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI)
Object Management Group (OMG) MDA
The Open Group - TOGAF
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The System as an Enterprise
(From BMTs EA/SE Approach)
Supporting Layers of Abstraction:
Capability or Market
Asset or Business Unit
System Context (Systems)
System Concept (Sub-Systems)
Logical Representation (Objects)
Physical Realisation (Components)
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UK MOD Lifecycle vs EA/SE Abstraction
UK MOD
Life-Cycle Stage
UK MOD Requirement /
Design Outputs

EA/SE Abstraction


Concept
Threat Responses
Outline URD
Capability / Market
Full URD
Outline SRD
Asset / Business Unit


Assessment
Full SRD
Outline System Architecture
System Context
Detail System Architecture
Preliminary Design
System Concept
Demonstration Detail Design
Outline Implementation
Logical
Representation
Manufacture Implemented Design Physical Realisation
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EA/SE Abstraction vs EA Frameworks
EA/SE Abstraction GERA Life-Cycle
Phase - ISO 15704 &
EN ISO 19439
Zachman (ZEAF)
Perspective

Capability / Market Identification Not addressed
Asset / Business Unit Concept Not Addressed
System Context System Requirements /
Definition
Scope
(Conceptual) - Planner
System Concept Preliminary (Functional)
Design
Enterprise Model
(Conceptual) Owner
Logical
Representation
Detailed Design System Model (Logical)
Designer
Physical Realisation Implementation Technology Model
(Physical) - Builder
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Zachman What How When Where Who Why
GERA
Views
Info Function - Org
n
Resource -
Systems
Eng
Input /
Output
(Data)
Function Sequence Loc
n
/
Org
n
Jobs /
Roles /
Skills
Stand-
ards
etc
Behaviour Structure
EA/SE Foci (Interrogatives)
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Behaviour Structure
EA/SE
Abstraction
What How When Where Who Why
Capability
Asset
System
Context
System
Concept
Logical
Representation
Physical
Realisation
- Enterprise Modelling EA/SE Framework
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EM Languages, Methods and Tools
Currently various and disparate
Unified Enterprise Modelling Language (UEML)
Project
Aim to create a European consensus on a common EML
Initiated by EI3-IC ( ICEIMT / IEMC ) community.
An EC IST Project
GRAISoft (e-MAGIM), Computas (METIS), IPK (MO
2
GO)
CIMOSA, INRIA, Universities of Torino (I), Namur (B),
Valencia (E)
Others
ARIS
Various BPM tools
Popkin (System Architect) a generic, flexible tool
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Behaviour Structure
EA/SE
Abstraction
What How When Where Who Why
Capability
Asset
System
Context
System
Concept
Logical
Representation
Physical
Realisation
EA/SE - Structured vs OO
Complex behaviours
allocated to simple structures.
Structured - Function / Process / Activity Oriented


Simple behaviours
allocated to complex structures.
Object Oriented - UML
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EA/SE - Requirements
Output of analysis in each layer is an Architecture
description.
Architecture description:
Defines the context and provides input data for the analysis
in the next layer;
Can be written as a coherent, consistent, complete and
correct requirement set.
Requirements can be written to address:
Function;
Performance;
Principle, Location, Existence.
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Summary: Why should Systems Engineers
be interested in Enterprise Architecture?
An enterprise is a large complex (socio-technico-
economic) system.
The enterprise modelling and integration community
are actively:
researching the nature of enterprises
developing suitable modelling languages, methods and tools
Takes a holistic approach (Interrogatives).
Addresses lifecycle issues (Abstraction).
Enables purpose to be traced to design.
Facilitates the justification of functionality and
performance.
END
QUESTIONS?