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The document provides an overview of fabric knowledge, including:
- A brief history of textiles from 6000 BC to the modern invention of synthetic fibers like nylon and spandex.
- The three main types of fibers: vegetable (like cotton and linen), animal (like wool and silk), and synthetic (like polyester and nylon).
- The basic types of weaves - plain, twill, and satin - and how they affect fabric properties like flexibility and fraying.
- Factors that determine qualities like shine, warmth, softness, durability, and expense; including fiber content as well as weave and finishing treatments.
The document provides an overview of fabric knowledge, including:
- A brief history of textiles from 6000 BC to the modern invention of synthetic fibers like nylon and spandex.
- The three main types of fibers: vegetable (like cotton and linen), animal (like wool and silk), and synthetic (like polyester and nylon).
- The basic types of weaves - plain, twill, and satin - and how they affect fabric properties like flexibility and fraying.
- Factors that determine qualities like shine, warmth, softness, durability, and expense; including fiber content as well as weave and finishing treatments.
The document provides an overview of fabric knowledge, including:
- A brief history of textiles from 6000 BC to the modern invention of synthetic fibers like nylon and spandex.
- The three main types of fibers: vegetable (like cotton and linen), animal (like wool and silk), and synthetic (like polyester and nylon).
- The basic types of weaves - plain, twill, and satin - and how they affect fabric properties like flexibility and fraying.
- Factors that determine qualities like shine, warmth, softness, durability, and expense; including fiber content as well as weave and finishing treatments.
Fabric Knowledge 101 A BRIEF HISTORY 6000 B.C. : First recorded textiles 2600 B.C. : First written record of fabric dyeing in the Middle East 775 B.C. : Textiles refined by Greeks 500 A.D. : Cut and sewn clothing common
Fabric Knowledge 101 A BRIEF HISTORY 1589 : First hand powered knitting machine 1773 : Modern shuttle loom invented 1894 : First artificial fiber (rayon) invented 1935 : First petrochemical fiber (nylon) invented 1959 : Spandex invented
All composed of keratin molecules Fabric Knowledge 101 SYNTHETIC FIBERS Examples: Polyester, nylon, Modal, Tencel
Composed of either petrochemicals or cellulose Fabric Knowledge 101 LUXURY FIBERS ORIGINS Wool Cashmere Cotton Silk Embroidery Linen Fabric Knowledge 101 Fibers Yarn Fabric Knowledge 101 WOVEN FABRICS Yarns are arranged to form a grid-like structure
When cut, the fabric tends to fray
Flexible only diagonally (bias) Fabric Knowledge 101 KNITTED FABRICS Yarns looped together to form a net-like structure
When cut, the fabric tend to curl
Flexible in all directions Fabric Knowledge 101 NON-WOVEN FABRICS Fibers entangled together to form a matted structure
When cut, the fabric edge stays stable
Slightly flexible but doesnt retain shape after stretched Fabric Knowledge 101 Fabric Knowledge 101 Fabric Knowledge 101 Fabric Knowledge 101 FABRICS Judged mostly by look, feel and promises of durability Fiber content is only one factor Weave and fabric treatments influence this more than fiber Ex: Raw silk fabric isnt always Silky
Fabric Knowledge 101 3 BASIC WEAVE TYPES Fabric Knowledge 101 PLAIN WEAVE Fabric Knowledge 101 TWILL WEAVE Fabric Knowledge 101 SATIN WEAVE SATIN Fabric Knowledge 101 COMMON QUESTIONS Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC SHINY? The more the surface makes light rays scatter, the duller a surface will appear Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC SHINY? Luster is determined by how smooth the fabric is
Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC SHINY? Microscopic smoothness of the fibers
Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC SHINY? Amount of uninterrupted yarns in the fabric. Longer distance = smoother = shinier Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC SHINY? Finishing of fabric might raise the nap (ex: peaching) or slick it down (ex: waxing) Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC WARM? Insulation is determined by how well the fabric is able to trap air Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC WARM? Microscopic smoothness of the fibers
Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC WARM? Empty space in a fabric increases insulation
Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC WARM? The darker the color, the more light energy is absorbed = warmer
Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC SOFT? The slimmer a fiber, the softer it will tend to feel
Fabric Knowledge 101 BUT NOT ALWAYS!
Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC SOFT? Weave and fabric finish are just as important as fiber
Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES FABRIC ITCHY? Thinner fibers = more likely to bend at ends when in contact with skin Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES FABRIC EXPENSIVE? Longer fibers = less hardy of a plant = higher maintenance to farm
1.) Sea Island
2.) Egyptian
3.) Pima
4.) American Long Staple
5.) American Short Staple
6.) Asia Short Staple
$1/yd $75/yd $ Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES FABRIC EXPENSIVE? Thinner fibers = more delicate = more yarns in fabric to weave / slower Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES FABRIC DURABLE? The more balanced friction is distributed on yarns = more durable fabric MORE DURABLE LESS DURABLE Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES FABRIC DURABLE? Natural fiber susceptible to insects eating it Fabric Knowledge 101 WHAT MAKES A FABRIC DURABLE? The more uniform the fiber texture, the less dirt it can hold
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